Self-Enhancement and Psychological Adjustment: A Meta-Analytic Review

• Published in: Personality and Social Psychology Review 2019-02, Vol.23 (1), p.48-72
• Main Authors: Dufner, Michael, Gebauer, Jochen E., Sedikides, Constantine, Denissen, Jaap J. A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adjustment; Age groups; Life satisfaction; Meta-analysis; Relationship satisfaction; Valuation
• ISSN: 1088-8683; 1532-7957
• DOI: 10.1177/1088868318756467

This article advances the debate about costs and benefits of self-enhancement (the tendency to maintain unrealistically positive self-views) with a comprehensive meta-analytic review (299 samples, N = 126,916). The review considers relations between self-enhancement and personal adjustment (life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, depression), and between self-enhancement and interpersonal adjustment (informant reports of domain-general social valuation, agency, communion). Self-enhancement was positively related to personal adjustment, and this relation was robust across sex, age, cohort, and culture. Important from a causal perspective, self-enhancement had a positive longitudinal effect on personal adjustment. The relation between self-enhancement and interpersonal adjustment was nuanced. Self-enhancement was positively related to domain-general social valuation at 0, but not long, acquaintance. Communal self-enhancement was positively linked to informant judgments of communion, whereas agentic self-enhancement was linked positively to agency but negatively to communion. Overall, the results suggest that self-enhancement is beneficial for personal adjustment but a mixed blessing for interpersonal adjustment.