Contamination trends and factors affecting the transfer of hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers, tetrabromobisphenol A, and 2,4,6-tribromophenol to breast milk in Japan

This study investigated contamination trends and factors affecting the levels of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereomers, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBP-A), and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP), in breast milk in Japan. Breast milk samples (n = 64) were...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental pollution (1987) 2018-06, Vol.237, p.936-943
Main Authors: Fujii, Yukiko, Kato, Yoshihisa, Masuda, Nanako, Harada, Kouji H., Koizumi, Akio, Haraguchi, Koichi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2,4,6-Tribromophenol
Breast milk
Brominated flame retardant
Exposure
Hexabromocyclododecane
Tetrabromobisphenol A
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Summary:This study investigated contamination trends and factors affecting the levels of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereomers, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBP-A), and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP), in breast milk in Japan. Breast milk samples (n = 64) were collected from mothers living in six prefectures in Japan. The mean concentrations were 2.2, 0.19, 0.29, 3.0, and 0.59 ng/g lipid weight for α-HBCD, β-HBCD, γ-HBCD, TBBP-A, and 2,4,6-TBP, respectively. Based on the previous studies, the levels of ΣHBCD in Japanese women's milk appear to be increasing, and the levels of TBBP-A are higher than those in other Asian countries. Although ΣHBCD were not correlated to phenolic BFRs, the concentration of β-HBCD was significantly correlated to the concentrations of TBBP-A (r = 0.440, p 
ISSN:0269-7491
1873-6424
DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.03.015