Caffeine Extraction from Raw and Roasted Coffee Beans

• Published in: Journal of food science 2018-04, Vol.83 (4), p.975-983
• Main Authors: Chiang, Donyau, Lin, Chih‐Yang, Hu, Chen‐Ti, Lee, Sanboh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activation energy; Beans; Caffeine; Caffeine - analysis; Coffea - chemistry; Coffee; Coffee - chemistry; Coffee industry; Computer simulation; Contact angle; Cooking; Data processing; Diffusion; Epidermis; extraction; Food Handling - methods; Hot Temperature; Human behavior; Humans; Incubation behavior; Low temperature; modeling; Physiology; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Temperature; Temperature effects
• ISSN: 0022-1147; 1750-3841
• DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14060

Coffee is a stimulant, psychoactive, popular daily beverage, and its caffeine affects human physiological health and behavior. These important issues prompted us to study caffeine extraction from both the raw and roasted coffee beans of 3 types at different temperatures. A hemispheric model is developed to simulate the extraction process of the caffeine from the coffee beans of hemisphere is proposed. The experimental data are in good agreement with the predicted model. The effective diffusivities of caffeine in both the raw and roasted beans increase with temperature in all 3 types. An incubation period, decreasing with increasing temperature, is observed in all samples studied. Caffeine extraction in roasted beans is more rapid than that for the raw beans and the time difference is significant at low temperatures. In both the raw and roasted samples, caffeine diffusion in the raw beans and the incubation behavior are thermally activated processes. Single activation energies are obtained for diffusion within the extraction temperature range for all beans tested with the exception of one type of the coffee beans, Mandheling, which exhibits 2 activation energies in raw samples. The surface energies of the epidermis of the raw beans and roasted beans obtained from the contact angle measurements are used to interpret the difference of incubation periods. Practical Application This study has a potential application to the decaffeinated coffee industry.Caffeine affects human physiological health and behavior so that caffeine extraction from coffee beans of different types at different temperatures is important for product refining and customers.