Toll‐like receptors 2 and 3 enhance melanogenesis and melanosome transport in human melanocytes

Summary Because little is known about how the innate immune response influences skin pigmentation, we examined whether Toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists participate in melanogenesis and melanosome transportation. We observed that TLR2/2 agonist HKLM and TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C) increased the amount of...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pigment cell and melanoma research 2018-09, Vol.31 (5), p.570-584
Main Authors: Koike, Saaya, Yamasaki, Kenshi, Yamauchi, Takeshi, Inoue, Mai, Shimada‐Ohmori, Ryoko, Tsuchiyama, Kenichiro, Aiba, Setsuya
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actin
Dopachrome isomerase
Epidermis
Glycoprotein gp100
Immune response
Immune system
Innate immunity
Irradiation
Keratinocytes
Melanin
Melanocytes
melanogenesis
melanosome
Microbiomes
Pigmentation
Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid
Rab27A
Receptors
siRNA
Skin
Skin pigmentation
TLR2 protein
TLR3 protein
Toll-like receptors
toll‐like receptor
Transportation
Tyrosinase
ultraviolet
Ultraviolet radiation
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Summary:Summary Because little is known about how the innate immune response influences skin pigmentation, we examined whether Toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists participate in melanogenesis and melanosome transportation. We observed that TLR2/2 agonist HKLM and TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C) increased the amount of extracellular melanin from primary human epidermal melanocytes. HKLM, but not Poly(I:C), increased the melanogenic genes such as tyrosinase and dopachrome tautomerase. Poly(I:C) increased the expression of Rab27A, a molecule that facilitates melanosome transport to perimembranous actin filament. UVB irradiation induced Rab27A and melanosome transportation in a similar manner of Poly(I:C). SiRNA for TLR3 or Rab27A suppressed the perimembranous accumulation of Gp100‐positive vesicles in melanocytes and decreased melanin transfer to neighboring keratinocytes induced by both Poly(I:C) and UVB. These results suggest that the microenvironment in the epidermis and innate immune stimuli, such as microbiome and ultraviolet represented here by TLR2 and TLR3 agonists, could affect the melanogenesis in human melanocytes.
ISSN:1755-1471
1755-148X
DOI:10.1111/pcmr.12703