Composition of wet and bulk deposition in Erzurum, Turkey

Seasonal variations in the chemical characteristics of wet and bulk deposition samples collected in Erzurum were investigated for the period March 2002–January 2003. Major cations (Ca 2+, K +, Mg 2+) and major anions ( SO 4 2 - , NO 3 - ) were determined in bulk and wet deposition samples; pH was al...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemosphere (Oxford) 2005-06, Vol.59 (11), p.1537-1546
Main Authors: Bayraktar, Hanefi, Turalioglu, F. Sezer
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air Pollutants - analysis
Calcium - analysis
Cations
Cities
Deposition rate
Environmental Monitoring
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Magnesium - analysis
Neutralization
Nitrates - analysis
Potassium - analysis
Rain
Seasons
Sulfates - analysis
Turkey
Wet and bulk deposition
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Summary:Seasonal variations in the chemical characteristics of wet and bulk deposition samples collected in Erzurum were investigated for the period March 2002–January 2003. Major cations (Ca 2+, K +, Mg 2+) and major anions ( SO 4 2 - , NO 3 - ) were determined in bulk and wet deposition samples; pH was also measured in wet deposition. The average pH of the wet deposition at Erzurum was 6.6 due to extensive neutralization of the acidity. A strong relationship between pH and SO 4 2 - concentrations was observed in all seasons; however, only a weak relationship was found between pH and NO 3 - . On a seasonal basis, the correlation between Ca 2+ and SO 4 2 - concentrations was stronger in winter than in summer. Seasonal variations of ions were examined in both wet and bulk deposition samples. Although maximum concentrations of anions generally occurred during winter and spring, cation concentrations peaked in summer for both wet and bulk deposition. Results indicated that Ca 2+ was the dominant cation and SO 4 2 - the dominant anion in all deposition samples at Erzurum. Even though correlations among the crustal ions (calcium, magnesium and potassium) were high, the relationship between anthropogenic ions (sulfate and nitrate) was less clear in bulk deposition.
ISSN:0045-6535
1879-1298
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.013