Gastrodin Protects against Ethanol-Induced Liver Injury and Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells and Animal Models of Alcoholic Liver Disease

• Published in: Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 2018/05/01, Vol.41(5), pp.670-679
• Main Authors: Zhang, Yong, Wang, Can, Yu, Bin, Jiang, Jian-Dong, Kong, Wei-Jia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetaldehyde; Activation; Alcohol dehydrogenase; Alcoholic beverages; alcoholic liver disease; Alcohols; Animal models; Apoptosis; Caspase; Caspase-3; Cytochrome c; cytotoxicity; Ethanol; Feeding; gastrodin; Hepatocytes; Liver; Liver diseases; Membrane potential; Mice; Mitochondria; mitochondrial apoptotic pathway; Rats; Rodents; Toxicity
• ISSN: 0918-6158; 1347-5215
• DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00825

This study aims to investigate the protective effects of gastrodin (GSTD), a natural compound isolated from the root of Gastrodia elata BL., on ethanol-induced liver injury and apoptosis in HepG2 cells and animal models. For in vitro studies, GSTD was used to pre-treat the cells for 4 h followed by 600 mM of ethanol co-administration for 24 h. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats was induced by chronic ethanol-feeding plus a single dose (5 g/kg) of acute ethanol administration, GSTD at different doses were co-administered for 8 weeks. For acute liver injury experiment of ICR mice, GSTD (100 mg/kg/d) was pre-treated for 3 d followed by ethanol administration (5 g/kg) for 3 times. The results showed that GSTD protects HepG2 cells from ethanol-induced toxicity, injury, and apoptosis significantly. Co-administered with ethanol, GSTD prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced the release cytochrome c from mitochondria, and inhibited the activation of caspase-3 in HepG2 cells. In SD rats induced by chronic ethanol-feeding, GSTD significantly restored liver function and ameliorated pathological changes of the liver. In rat liver, GSTD greatly suppressed the activation of caspase-3 and inhibited hepatocellular apoptosis. In ethanol-induced acute liver injury of ICR mice, GSTD reduced liver acetaldehyde and suppressed the up-regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and CYP2E1 significantly. Our results demonstrate that GSTD is efficacious in protecting liver cells from ethanol-induced injury and apoptosis; it may be useful for the development of novel agents for the treatment of ALD in the future.