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Review article: the prevention of hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Summary Background Ample evidence indicates an aetiological association of persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several viral, host and external risk factors for the development of HBV‐related HCC have been documented. Aims To summarise and discuss the ri...
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| Published in: | Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2018-07, Vol.48 (1), p.5-14 |
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| Language: | English |
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| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3693-4033c43392724f93e8de9bfbe01327e1948b4681fded3e0b6970dd790c98d1cf3 |
| container_end_page | 14 |
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 5 |
| container_title | Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics |
| container_volume | 48 |
| creator | Lin, C.‐L. Kao, J.‐H. |
| description | Summary
Background
Ample evidence indicates an aetiological association of persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several viral, host and external risk factors for the development of HBV‐related HCC have been documented.
Aims
To summarise and discuss the risk stratification and the preventive strategies of HBV‐related HCC.
Methods
Recent published studies identified from PubMed were comprehensively reviewed. The key words included chronic hepatitis B, HBV, hepatocellular carcinoma, prevention and antiviral therapy.
Results
The incidence of HCC is extremely high in HBV hyperendemic areas. For HBV patients left untreated, significant risk factors for HCC include male gender, aging, advanced hepatic fibrosis, persistent serum transaminase elevation, specific HBV entry receptor (NTCP) genotype, PM2.5 exposure, HBeAg positivity, HBV genotype C/D/F, high proportion of core promoter mutation, pre‐S deletion, high serum levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg as well as co‐infection with HCV, HDV and HIV. Primary prevention of HBV‐related HCC can be achieved through universal HBV vaccination and anti‐viral prophylaxis for high viraemic mothers. The goal of secondary prevention has been reached by effective anti‐viral therapy to reduce the risk of HCC development in chronic hepatitis B patients. However, whether HCC is prevented or delayed deserves further examination. Finally, several studies confirmed the tertiary preventive effect of anti‐viral therapy in reducing risk of HCC recurrence after curative therapies.
Conclusions
Through the strategies of three‐level prevention, the global burden of HBV‐related HCC should decline over time and even be eliminated in conjunction with HBV cure. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/apt.14683 |
| format | article |
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Background
Ample evidence indicates an aetiological association of persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several viral, host and external risk factors for the development of HBV‐related HCC have been documented.
Aims
To summarise and discuss the risk stratification and the preventive strategies of HBV‐related HCC.
Methods
Recent published studies identified from PubMed were comprehensively reviewed. The key words included chronic hepatitis B, HBV, hepatocellular carcinoma, prevention and antiviral therapy.
Results
The incidence of HCC is extremely high in HBV hyperendemic areas. For HBV patients left untreated, significant risk factors for HCC include male gender, aging, advanced hepatic fibrosis, persistent serum transaminase elevation, specific HBV entry receptor (NTCP) genotype, PM2.5 exposure, HBeAg positivity, HBV genotype C/D/F, high proportion of core promoter mutation, pre‐S deletion, high serum levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg as well as co‐infection with HCV, HDV and HIV. Primary prevention of HBV‐related HCC can be achieved through universal HBV vaccination and anti‐viral prophylaxis for high viraemic mothers. The goal of secondary prevention has been reached by effective anti‐viral therapy to reduce the risk of HCC development in chronic hepatitis B patients. However, whether HCC is prevented or delayed deserves further examination. Finally, several studies confirmed the tertiary preventive effect of anti‐viral therapy in reducing risk of HCC recurrence after curative therapies.
Conclusions
Through the strategies of three‐level prevention, the global burden of HBV‐related HCC should decline over time and even be eliminated in conjunction with HBV cure.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0269-2813</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2036</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/apt.14683</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29722445</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Aging ; Antiviral agents ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; Fibrosis ; Gene deletion ; Genotypes ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B e antigen ; Hepatitis B surface antigen ; Hepatocellular carcinoma ; HIV ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Infections ; Interferon ; Liver cancer ; Particulate matter ; Prevention ; Prophylaxis ; Risk factors ; Serum levels ; Transaminase ; Vaccination</subject><ispartof>Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2018-07, Vol.48 (1), p.5-14</ispartof><rights>2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3693-4033c43392724f93e8de9bfbe01327e1948b4681fded3e0b6970dd790c98d1cf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3693-4033c43392724f93e8de9bfbe01327e1948b4681fded3e0b6970dd790c98d1cf3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2442-7952</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29722445$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lin, C.‐L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kao, J.‐H.</creatorcontrib><title>Review article: the prevention of hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma</title><title>Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics</title><addtitle>Aliment Pharmacol Ther</addtitle><description>Summary
Background
Ample evidence indicates an aetiological association of persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several viral, host and external risk factors for the development of HBV‐related HCC have been documented.
Aims
To summarise and discuss the risk stratification and the preventive strategies of HBV‐related HCC.
Methods
Recent published studies identified from PubMed were comprehensively reviewed. The key words included chronic hepatitis B, HBV, hepatocellular carcinoma, prevention and antiviral therapy.
Results
The incidence of HCC is extremely high in HBV hyperendemic areas. For HBV patients left untreated, significant risk factors for HCC include male gender, aging, advanced hepatic fibrosis, persistent serum transaminase elevation, specific HBV entry receptor (NTCP) genotype, PM2.5 exposure, HBeAg positivity, HBV genotype C/D/F, high proportion of core promoter mutation, pre‐S deletion, high serum levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg as well as co‐infection with HCV, HDV and HIV. Primary prevention of HBV‐related HCC can be achieved through universal HBV vaccination and anti‐viral prophylaxis for high viraemic mothers. The goal of secondary prevention has been reached by effective anti‐viral therapy to reduce the risk of HCC development in chronic hepatitis B patients. However, whether HCC is prevented or delayed deserves further examination. Finally, several studies confirmed the tertiary preventive effect of anti‐viral therapy in reducing risk of HCC recurrence after curative therapies.
Conclusions
Through the strategies of three‐level prevention, the global burden of HBV‐related HCC should decline over time and even be eliminated in conjunction with HBV cure.</description><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Antiviral agents</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>Fibrosis</subject><subject>Gene deletion</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Hepatitis</subject><subject>Hepatitis B</subject><subject>Hepatitis B e antigen</subject><subject>Hepatitis B surface antigen</subject><subject>Hepatocellular carcinoma</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Interferon</subject><subject>Liver cancer</subject><subject>Particulate matter</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Prophylaxis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Serum levels</subject><subject>Transaminase</subject><subject>Vaccination</subject><issn>0269-2813</issn><issn>1365-2036</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kMtKw0AUhgdRbK0ufAEJuNFF2rmkScZdLd6gYJG6DpPJCZ2SZOJM0tKdj-Az-iROTXUheDYHDh8___kQOid4SNyMRN0MSRDG7AD1CQvHPsUsPER9TEPu05iwHjqxdoUxDiNMj1GP8ojSIBj30fwF1go2njCNkgXceM0SvNrAGqpG6crTubeEWjSqUda7_Xz_MFCIBrLuqiUURVsI40lhpKp0KU7RUS4KC2f7PUCv93eL6aM_e354mk5mvmQhZ36AGZMBY5xGNMg5gzgDnuYpYMJoBIQHceo-InkGGQOchjzCWRZxLHmcEZmzAbrqcmuj31qwTVIqu6sjKtCtTZyCgMacEerQyz_oSremcu0cNSYhJ5RwR113lDTaWgN5UhtVCrNNCE52mhOnOfnW7NiLfWKblpD9kj9eHTDqgI0qYPt_UjKZL7rILxYCht4</recordid><startdate>201807</startdate><enddate>201807</enddate><creator>Lin, C.‐L.</creator><creator>Kao, J.‐H.</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-7952</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201807</creationdate><title>Review article: the prevention of hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma</title><author>Lin, C.‐L. ; Kao, J.‐H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3693-4033c43392724f93e8de9bfbe01327e1948b4681fded3e0b6970dd790c98d1cf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Antiviral agents</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>Fibrosis</topic><topic>Gene deletion</topic><topic>Genotypes</topic><topic>Hepatitis</topic><topic>Hepatitis B</topic><topic>Hepatitis B e antigen</topic><topic>Hepatitis B surface antigen</topic><topic>Hepatocellular carcinoma</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Interferon</topic><topic>Liver cancer</topic><topic>Particulate matter</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Prophylaxis</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Serum levels</topic><topic>Transaminase</topic><topic>Vaccination</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lin, C.‐L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kao, J.‐H.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lin, C.‐L.</au><au>Kao, J.‐H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Review article: the prevention of hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma</atitle><jtitle>Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics</jtitle><addtitle>Aliment Pharmacol Ther</addtitle><date>2018-07</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>5</spage><epage>14</epage><pages>5-14</pages><issn>0269-2813</issn><eissn>1365-2036</eissn><abstract>Summary
Background
Ample evidence indicates an aetiological association of persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several viral, host and external risk factors for the development of HBV‐related HCC have been documented.
Aims
To summarise and discuss the risk stratification and the preventive strategies of HBV‐related HCC.
Methods
Recent published studies identified from PubMed were comprehensively reviewed. The key words included chronic hepatitis B, HBV, hepatocellular carcinoma, prevention and antiviral therapy.
Results
The incidence of HCC is extremely high in HBV hyperendemic areas. For HBV patients left untreated, significant risk factors for HCC include male gender, aging, advanced hepatic fibrosis, persistent serum transaminase elevation, specific HBV entry receptor (NTCP) genotype, PM2.5 exposure, HBeAg positivity, HBV genotype C/D/F, high proportion of core promoter mutation, pre‐S deletion, high serum levels of HBV DNA and HBsAg as well as co‐infection with HCV, HDV and HIV. Primary prevention of HBV‐related HCC can be achieved through universal HBV vaccination and anti‐viral prophylaxis for high viraemic mothers. The goal of secondary prevention has been reached by effective anti‐viral therapy to reduce the risk of HCC development in chronic hepatitis B patients. However, whether HCC is prevented or delayed deserves further examination. Finally, several studies confirmed the tertiary preventive effect of anti‐viral therapy in reducing risk of HCC recurrence after curative therapies.
Conclusions
Through the strategies of three‐level prevention, the global burden of HBV‐related HCC should decline over time and even be eliminated in conjunction with HBV cure.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>29722445</pmid><doi>10.1111/apt.14683</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2442-7952</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2018-07, Vol.48 (1), p.5-14 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection |
| subjects | Aging Antiviral agents Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA Fibrosis Gene deletion Genotypes Hepatitis Hepatitis B Hepatitis B e antigen Hepatitis B surface antigen Hepatocellular carcinoma HIV Human immunodeficiency virus Infections Interferon Liver cancer Particulate matter Prevention Prophylaxis Risk factors Serum levels Transaminase Vaccination |
| title | Review article: the prevention of hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma |
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