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Removal of urea from dilute streams using RVC/nano-NiOx-modified electrode
Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC), a high surface area electrode (40 cm 2 /cm 3 ), has been modified with nickel oxide nanoparticles (nano-NiO x ) and used for electrochemical oxidation of urea from alkaline solution. For the cyclic voltammetry measurements, the used dimensions are 0.8 cm × 0.8 cm ×...
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Published in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2018-07, Vol.25 (20), p.19898-19907 |
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Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC), a high surface area electrode (40 cm
2
/cm
3
), has been modified with nickel oxide nanoparticles (nano-NiO
x
) and used for electrochemical oxidation of urea from alkaline solution. For the cyclic voltammetry measurements, the used dimensions are 0.8 cm × 0.8 cm × 0.3 cm. The purpose was to offer high specific surface area using a porous open network structure to accelerate the electrochemical conversion. NiO
x
nanoparticles have been synthesized via an electrochemical route at some experimental conditions. The morphological, structural, and electrochemical properties of the RVC/nano-NiO
x
are characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and potentiostatic measurements. The fabricated electrode, RVC/nano-NiO
x
, demonstrates high electrocatalytic activity towards urea oxidation in an alkaline electrolyte. The onset potential of the RVC/nano-NiO
x
compared to that of the planar GC/NiO
x
is shifted to more negative value with higher specific activity. The different loadings of the NiO
x
have a substantial influence on the conversion of urea which has been evaluated from concentration-time curves. The urea concentration decreases with time to a limit dependent on the loading extent. Maximum conversion is obtained at 0.86 mg of NiO
x
per cm
3
of the RVC matrix. |
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ISSN: | 0944-1344 1614-7499 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s11356-018-2223-8 |