Apoptotic vesicles: deathly players in cancer‐associated coagulation

Although cancer is associated with coagulation disorders, it is still unclear how the combination of tumor cell and host factors enhance the hypercoagulable state of cancer patients. Emerging evidence points to a central role for tumor endosomal and plasma membrane‐derived vesicular components in th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunology and cell biology 2018-08, Vol.96 (7), p.723-732
Main Authors: Muhsin‐Sharafaldine, Morad‐Remy, McLellan, Alexander Donald
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apoptosis
Apoptotic vesicles
Cancer
Cell membranes
Cellular biology
Chemotherapy
Coagulation
extracellular vesicles
Lipids
Thrombosis
tissue factor
Vesicles
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Summary:Although cancer is associated with coagulation disorders, it is still unclear how the combination of tumor cell and host factors enhance the hypercoagulable state of cancer patients. Emerging evidence points to a central role for tumor endosomal and plasma membrane‐derived vesicular components in the pathogenesis of cancer‐related thrombosis. In particular, tumor cell membranes and extracellular vesicles (EV) harbor lipids and proteinaceous coagulation factors able to initiate multiple points within the coagulation matrix. The impact of chemotherapy upon a host already burdened with a hypercoagulable state increases the risk of pathological coagulation. We argue that chemotherapy‐induced EV harbor the most active components for cancer related thrombosis and discuss how membrane components of the host and tumor act to initiate coagulation to enhance thrombotic risk in cancer patients. This review highlights the role that tumor cell apoptosis plays in the release of pro‐coagulant extracellular vesicles (EV). Pro‐coagulant EV, termed “apoptotic vesicles”, are proposed to play a major role in cancer‐associated thrombosis.
ISSN:0818-9641
1440-1711
DOI:10.1111/imcb.12162