Psychosocial roots of paranoid ideation: The role of childhood experiences, social comparison, submission, and shame

Background Social experiences have a significant impact on cognitive functioning and appraisals of social interactions. Specifically, recalls of antipathy from parents, submissiveness, and bullying during childhood can have a significant influence on paranoid ideation later in life. Method Multiple...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Clinical psychology and psychotherapy 2018-09, Vol.25 (5), p.650-661
Main Authors: Carvalho, Célia Barreto, Motta, Carolina, Pinto‐Gouveia, José, Peixoto, Ermelindo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Bullying - psychology
Children
Cognitive ability
Emotional behavior
Female
Humans
Male
Mental disorders
Middle Aged
Paranoid Disorders - psychology
Parent-Child Relations
Schizophrenia
Shame
Social behavior
social comparison
Social interactions
Social Perception
submission
Subordination
Surveys and Questionnaires
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Summary:Background Social experiences have a significant impact on cognitive functioning and appraisals of social interactions. Specifically, recalls of antipathy from parents, submissiveness, and bullying during childhood can have a significant influence on paranoid ideation later in life. Method Multiple hierarchical regression analysis was performed on a sample of 91 patients diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia in remission and active phase, their first‐degree relatives (n = 32) and unaffected controls (n = 64). Objectives Exploring the impact of distal (events from childhood) and proximal factors (current cognitive, emotional, and behavioural aspects of social functioning) in the frequency, degree of conviction, and distress resulting from paranoid ideation in the participants from 4 samples. Results Proximal and distal factors (shame, submissive behaviour, negative social comparison, antipathy from father) predicted several aspects of paranoid ideation. Those variables had a differential impact in affected patients and healthy controls. Discussion Finding suggests different variables being involved in paranoid ideation, and the specificities of patients with paranoid schizophrenia should be considered in the development of more effective psychotherapeutic interventions.
ISSN:1063-3995
1099-0879
DOI:10.1002/cpp.2195