Nicotinic Receptor-Mediated Neuroprotection in Neurodegenerative Disease Models

• Published in: Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2009/03/01, Vol.32(3), pp.332-336
• Main Author: Shimohama, Shun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides - physiology; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Animals; Drug Synergism; Galantamine - pharmacology; Glutamic Acid - physiology; Motor Neurons - cytology; Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism; Neurodegenerative Diseases - pathology; Neurodegenerative Diseases - prevention & control; Neurons - cytology; Neurons - metabolism; neuroprotection; Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology; nicotine; Nicotine - pharmacology; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; Nicotinic Agonists - pharmacology; Oxidopamine; Parkinson Disease, Secondary - etiology; Parkinson Disease, Secondary - metabolism; Parkinson Disease, Secondary - pathology; Parkinson's disease; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases - physiology; Rats; Receptors, Nicotinic - physiology; Rotenone; Signal Transduction; Spinal Cord - cytology
• ISSN: 0918-6158; 1347-5215
• DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.332

Multiple lines of evidence, from molecular and cellular to epidemiological, have implicated nicotinic transmission in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This review article presents evidence for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism. The data is based mainly on our studies using rat-cultured primary neurons. Nicotine-induced protection was blocked by an α7 nAChR antagonist, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, and an Src inhibitor. Levels of phosphorylated Akt, an effector of PI3K, Bcl-2 and Bcl-x were increased by nicotine administration. From these experimental data, our hypothesis for the mechanism of nAChR-mediated survival signal transduction is that the α7 nAChR stimulates the Src family, which activates PI3K to phosphorylate Akt, which subsequently transmits the signal to up-regulate Bcl-2 and Bcl-x. Up-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x could prevent cells from neuronal death induced by β-amyloid (Aβ), glutamate and rotenone. These findings suggest that protective therapy with nAChR stimulation could delay the progress of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and PD.