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Crop rotation effects on Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus population dynamics in southern California vegetable production

Control options for Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus esculentus (purple and yellow nutsedge) were evaluated within three cropping systems in the low desert of southern California: (1) standard vegetable crop rotation (weed-free, uncontrolled nutsedge and cultivation) with spring cantaloupe (Cucumis melo...

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Published in:Weed research 2008-10, Vol.48 (5), p.420-428
Main Authors: WANG, G, McGIFFEN Jr, M.E, OGBUCHIEKWE, E.J
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description Control options for Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus esculentus (purple and yellow nutsedge) were evaluated within three cropping systems in the low desert of southern California: (1) standard vegetable crop rotation (weed-free, uncontrolled nutsedge and cultivation) with spring cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) - summer fallow - winter broccoli (Brassica oleracea), (2) cover crop rotation (halosulfuron and smother crop) with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)/corn (Zea mays) - summer sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) - Winter Fallow, (3) rotation with solarization (non-solarization and solarization) with spring wheat - summer fallow/solarization - winter broccoli. After two growing seasons, broccoli was planted without Cyperus control, to study the effect on yield. Cyperus rotundus tubers increased from 0.66 tubers per m² to 1260 tubers per m² in the uncontrolled treatment over two seasons. Cultivation during the growing season reduced C. rotundus tubers by 93% compared with the uncontrolled plots. Cover crop rotation did not reduce the number of C. rotundus tubers significantly, despite the dense sudangrass canopy shading the soil during most of the summer. Cyperus rotundus was effectively controlled by the solarization treatment. All methods controlled C. esculentus, especially when there were no crops growing in the summer. When broccoli was grown after two years of various management strategies, the cultivation treatment showed a 44% yield reduction compared with the weed-free control, while the solarization treatment increased broccoli yield by 64% compared with the non-solarization treatment. Rotations that included sudangrass had low broccoli yield when either C. rotundus or C. esculentus were present.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00649.x
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Soil science and plant productions</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Brassica oleracea</topic><topic>cover crop</topic><topic>crop rotation</topic><topic>Cropping systems. Cultivation. Soil tillage</topic><topic>Cucumis melo</topic><topic>cultivation</topic><topic>Cyperus</topic><topic>Cyperus esculentus</topic><topic>Cyperus rotundus</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General agronomy. Plant production</topic><topic>Generalities. Cropping systems and patterns</topic><topic>Parasitic plants. Weeds</topic><topic>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</topic><topic>purple nutsedge</topic><topic>smother crop</topic><topic>solarization</topic><topic>Sorghum</topic><topic>Triticum aestivum</topic><topic>Tuber</topic><topic>Weeds</topic><topic>yellow nutsedge</topic><topic>Zea mays</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>WANG, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGIFFEN Jr, M.E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>OGBUCHIEKWE, E.J</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Weed research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>WANG, G</au><au>McGIFFEN Jr, M.E</au><au>OGBUCHIEKWE, E.J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Crop rotation effects on Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus population dynamics in southern California vegetable production</atitle><jtitle>Weed research</jtitle><date>2008-10</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>420</spage><epage>428</epage><pages>420-428</pages><issn>0043-1737</issn><eissn>1365-3180</eissn><coden>WEREAT</coden><abstract>Control options for Cyperus rotundus and Cyperus esculentus (purple and yellow nutsedge) were evaluated within three cropping systems in the low desert of southern California: (1) standard vegetable crop rotation (weed-free, uncontrolled nutsedge and cultivation) with spring cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) - summer fallow - winter broccoli (Brassica oleracea), (2) cover crop rotation (halosulfuron and smother crop) with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum)/corn (Zea mays) - summer sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense) - Winter Fallow, (3) rotation with solarization (non-solarization and solarization) with spring wheat - summer fallow/solarization - winter broccoli. After two growing seasons, broccoli was planted without Cyperus control, to study the effect on yield. Cyperus rotundus tubers increased from 0.66 tubers per m² to 1260 tubers per m² in the uncontrolled treatment over two seasons. Cultivation during the growing season reduced C. rotundus tubers by 93% compared with the uncontrolled plots. Cover crop rotation did not reduce the number of C. rotundus tubers significantly, despite the dense sudangrass canopy shading the soil during most of the summer. Cyperus rotundus was effectively controlled by the solarization treatment. All methods controlled C. esculentus, especially when there were no crops growing in the summer. When broccoli was grown after two years of various management strategies, the cultivation treatment showed a 44% yield reduction compared with the weed-free control, while the solarization treatment increased broccoli yield by 64% compared with the non-solarization treatment. Rotations that included sudangrass had low broccoli yield when either C. rotundus or C. esculentus were present.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00649.x</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
Biological and medical sciences
Brassica oleracea
cover crop
crop rotation
Cropping systems. Cultivation. Soil tillage
Cucumis melo
cultivation
Cyperus
Cyperus esculentus
Cyperus rotundus
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General agronomy. Plant production
Generalities. Cropping systems and patterns
Parasitic plants. Weeds
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
purple nutsedge
smother crop
solarization
Sorghum
Triticum aestivum
Tuber
Weeds
yellow nutsedge
Zea mays
title Crop rotation effects on Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus population dynamics in southern California vegetable production
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