At Least Bias Is Bipartisan: A Meta-Analytic Comparison of Partisan Bias in Liberals and Conservatives

Both liberals and conservatives accuse their political opponents of partisan bias, but is there empirical evidence that one side of the political aisle is indeed more biased than the other? To address this question, we meta-analyzed the results of 51 experimental studies, involving over 18,000 parti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Perspectives on psychological science 2019-03, Vol.14 (2), p.273-291
Main Authors: Ditto, Peter H., Liu, Brittany S., Clark, Cory J., Wojcik, Sean P., Chen, Eric E., Grady, Rebecca H., Celniker, Jared B., Zinger, Joanne F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allegiance
Asymmetry
Bias
Conflict
Group Processes
Humans
Hypotheses
Meta-analysis
Motivation
Political attitudes
Politics
Prejudice - psychology
Symmetry
Thinking
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Summary:Both liberals and conservatives accuse their political opponents of partisan bias, but is there empirical evidence that one side of the political aisle is indeed more biased than the other? To address this question, we meta-analyzed the results of 51 experimental studies, involving over 18,000 participants, that examined one form of partisan bias—the tendency to evaluate otherwise identical information more favorably when it supports one’s political beliefs or allegiances than when it challenges those beliefs or allegiances. Two hypotheses based on previous literature were tested: an asymmetry hypothesis (predicting greater partisan bias in conservatives than in liberals) and a symmetry hypothesis (predicting equal levels of partisan bias in liberals and conservatives). Mean overall partisan bias was robust (r = .245), and there was strong support for the symmetry hypothesis: Liberals (r = .235) and conservatives (r = .255) showed no difference in mean levels of bias across studies. Moderator analyses reveal this pattern to be consistent across a number of different methodological variations and political topics. Implications of the current findings for the ongoing ideological symmetry debate and the role of partisan bias in scientific discourse and political conflict are discussed.
ISSN:1745-6916
1745-6924
DOI:10.1177/1745691617746796