Comparative susceptibilities and immune reactions of wild and cultured populations of Caspian trout Salmo trutta caspius to VHSV

Caspian trout Salmo trutta caspius is an endangered subspecies of brown trout Salmo trutta which is native to the Caspian Sea. Restocking programmes have been established, but recent introduction of the rhabdovirus viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) into Iranian rainbow trout farms connecte...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diseases of aquatic organisms 2018-06, Vol.128 (3), p.187-201
Main Authors: Karami, Asma Mohammad, Bani, Ali, Pourkazemi, Mohammad, Ghasemi, Mohades, Kania, Per Walter, Buchmann, Kurt
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Farms
Fish
Fish populations
Gene expression
Gene regulation
Genes
Hemorrhagic septicemia
Immunoglobulin M
Immunohistochemistry
Infections
Insulin-like growth factor I
Interleukin 8
Major histocompatibility complex
Nitric-oxide synthase
Oncorhynchus mykiss
Organs
Populations
Salmo trutta
Salmo trutta caspius
Trout
Tumor necrosis factor-α
Viruses
γ-Interferon
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Summary:Caspian trout Salmo trutta caspius is an endangered subspecies of brown trout Salmo trutta which is native to the Caspian Sea. Restocking programmes have been established, but recent introduction of the rhabdovirus viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) into Iranian rainbow trout farms connected to waterbodies supporting wild Caspian trout may represent an additional threat to the declining stock. The susceptibility of wild and cultured populations of this endemic subspecies was demonstrated by performing controlled VHSV infection experiments (both by bath and injection challenges). Subsequently, VHSV infection in exposed fish was confirmed (CPE and quantitative PCR), virus levels were measured, and regulation of immune genes in exposed fish was investigated with a focus on the genes encoding IL-8, IFNγ, TGFβ, TNFα, SAA, C3-4, CD8α, IgM, MHC I, MHC II, iNOS and IGF-1. The presence of IgM-, CD8α- and MHC II-positive cells in host organs was visualized by immunohistochemistry. Both wild and cultured trout strains proved to be VHSV-susceptible following experimental challenge, but the mortality curves and associated regulation of immune-related genes differed between the 2 trout types. Implications of the results for future management of Caspian trout populations are discussed.
ISSN:0177-5103
1616-1580
DOI:10.3354/dao03231