Loading…
effect of supplementary winter seed food on breeding populations of farmland birds: evidence from two large-scale experiments
1. Low winter food availability is probably critical in the declines of many farmland bird species in Europe, leading to the implementation of ameliorative agri-environment scheme options. To date, however, there has been no experimental test of the effectiveness of such options. 2. We report the re...
Saved in:
Published in: | The Journal of applied ecology 2007-10, Vol.44 (5), p.920-932 |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5129-52badbc2c42716e00fe4dfe528e4816cc212a993ef90767cf6205fc9554da2cc3 |
---|---|
cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5129-52badbc2c42716e00fe4dfe528e4816cc212a993ef90767cf6205fc9554da2cc3 |
container_end_page | 932 |
container_issue | 5 |
container_start_page | 920 |
container_title | The Journal of applied ecology |
container_volume | 44 |
creator | SIRIWARDENA, GAVIN M STEVENS, DANAË K ANDERSON, GUY Q.A VICKERY, JULIET A CALBRADE, NEIL A DODD, STEPHEN |
description | 1. Low winter food availability is probably critical in the declines of many farmland bird species in Europe, leading to the implementation of ameliorative agri-environment scheme options. To date, however, there has been no experimental test of the effectiveness of such options. 2. We report the results of two large-scale, 3-year, controlled experiments investigating the effects of supplementary winter seed provision on breeding farmland bird abundance. In each experiment, the use of winter feeding sites by birds was monitored and the availability of alternative, seed-rich habitat in the surrounding area was measured. The Winter Food for Birds (WFFB) project also included variable levels of food provision. Breeding bird abundance was then monitored in experimental and control areas. The Bird Aid project targeted yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella L., corn bunting Emberiza calandra L. and tree sparrow Passer montanus L., while WFFB considered 11 species that used supplementary winter food. 3. Comparisons of trends in breeding abundance between experimental and control areas revealed little evidence for positive effects of feeding, but there was great variation in the use of feeding sites by each species, and therefore in the seed quantity birds received. 4. Declines for yellowhammer, robin and dunnock were less steep where more food was provided in WFFB areas (a fourfold difference in seed provision across 1·5 times the land area). 5. Analysing trends with respect to weight-of-use of winter food revealed significant, positive relationships for yellowhammer (both projects) and up to five other species, depending on the control terms applied. Thus, positive effects of feeding on population change depend on the effective supply of seed to the species of interest. The hypothesis that winter food is currently limiting the populations concerned is also supported. 6. Synthesis and applications. Effective winter food provision to farmland bird populations has the potential to halt, and perhaps to reverse, declines in abundance. In practice, this means that agri-environment measures supplying significant quantities of winter food, such as stubbles preceded by low-input cereals, should succeed in changing population trends if they provide resources at the times of greatest need and if there is sufficient uptake. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01339.x |
format | article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_proqu</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_20596336</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>4539312</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>4539312</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5129-52badbc2c42716e00fe4dfe528e4816cc212a993ef90767cf6205fc9554da2cc3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNUV1r1TAYLqLgcfMfCAZB79q9-WobwYsxtrkxUNBdh5z0zaGlp6lJ6zm78L-b2jHBK3OThOcjT543ywiFgqZ11hWUlzJnZSkKBlAVQDlXxfFZtnkCnmcbAEbzWgF9mb2KsQMAJTnfZL_QObQT8Y7EeRx73OMwmfBADu0wYSARsSHO-4b4gWxDurXDjox-nHsztX6Ii9KZsO_N0JBtG5r4keDPtsHBInHB78l08KQ3YYd5tKZHgscRQ7u8E0-zF870EV8_7ifZ_dXl94vP-d2X65uL87vcSspULtnWNFvLrGAVLRHAoWgcSlajqGlpLaPMKMXRKajKyrqSgXRWSSkaw6zlJ9mH1XcM_seMcdL7NlrsU2j0c9SJrkrOy0R89w-x83MYUjbNOBdCVoInUr2SbPAxBnR6TP9JpWkKehmK7vTSvV6618tQ9J-h6GOSvn_0N0sZLpjBtvGvXgFTFFjifVp5h7bHh__217dfL5dT0r9Z9V2cfHjSC5kwuti_XWFnvDa7kCLcf2PJBKBOCQTw3z0Ds_0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>233445743</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>effect of supplementary winter seed food on breeding populations of farmland birds: evidence from two large-scale experiments</title><source>JSTOR Archival Journals and Primary Sources Collection</source><source>Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection</source><creator>SIRIWARDENA, GAVIN M ; STEVENS, DANAË K ; ANDERSON, GUY Q.A ; VICKERY, JULIET A ; CALBRADE, NEIL A ; DODD, STEPHEN</creator><creatorcontrib>SIRIWARDENA, GAVIN M ; STEVENS, DANAË K ; ANDERSON, GUY Q.A ; VICKERY, JULIET A ; CALBRADE, NEIL A ; DODD, STEPHEN</creatorcontrib><description>1. Low winter food availability is probably critical in the declines of many farmland bird species in Europe, leading to the implementation of ameliorative agri-environment scheme options. To date, however, there has been no experimental test of the effectiveness of such options. 2. We report the results of two large-scale, 3-year, controlled experiments investigating the effects of supplementary winter seed provision on breeding farmland bird abundance. In each experiment, the use of winter feeding sites by birds was monitored and the availability of alternative, seed-rich habitat in the surrounding area was measured. The Winter Food for Birds (WFFB) project also included variable levels of food provision. Breeding bird abundance was then monitored in experimental and control areas. The Bird Aid project targeted yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella L., corn bunting Emberiza calandra L. and tree sparrow Passer montanus L., while WFFB considered 11 species that used supplementary winter food. 3. Comparisons of trends in breeding abundance between experimental and control areas revealed little evidence for positive effects of feeding, but there was great variation in the use of feeding sites by each species, and therefore in the seed quantity birds received. 4. Declines for yellowhammer, robin and dunnock were less steep where more food was provided in WFFB areas (a fourfold difference in seed provision across 1·5 times the land area). 5. Analysing trends with respect to weight-of-use of winter food revealed significant, positive relationships for yellowhammer (both projects) and up to five other species, depending on the control terms applied. Thus, positive effects of feeding on population change depend on the effective supply of seed to the species of interest. The hypothesis that winter food is currently limiting the populations concerned is also supported. 6. Synthesis and applications. Effective winter food provision to farmland bird populations has the potential to halt, and perhaps to reverse, declines in abundance. In practice, this means that agri-environment measures supplying significant quantities of winter food, such as stubbles preceded by low-input cereals, should succeed in changing population trends if they provide resources at the times of greatest need and if there is sufficient uptake.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8901</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2664</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01339.x</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAPEAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Agricultural land ; agri‐environment schemes ; Agroecology ; Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions ; Animal breeding ; animal feeding ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Applied ecology ; Aves ; Aviculture ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bird Population Responses to Environmental Change ; Bird populations ; Birds ; Breeding ; Breeding of animals ; buntings ; Ecology ; Emberiza ; Emberiza citrinella ; Experiments ; farmland biodiversity ; Farmlands ; feeds ; finches ; Food ; Food availability ; Food crops ; Food supply ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General agroecology ; General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping ; General agronomy. Plant production ; General aspects ; Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development ; Livestock breeding ; natural resource management ; Ornithology ; overwinter survival ; overwintering ; Passer montanus ; Plant breeding ; population declines ; seeds ; Sparrows ; Winter ; Winter Food for Birds Project</subject><ispartof>The Journal of applied ecology, 2007-10, Vol.44 (5), p.920-932</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2007 British Ecological Society</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Oct 2007</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5129-52badbc2c42716e00fe4dfe528e4816cc212a993ef90767cf6205fc9554da2cc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5129-52badbc2c42716e00fe4dfe528e4816cc212a993ef90767cf6205fc9554da2cc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/4539312$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/4539312$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,58238,58471</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=19029102$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>SIRIWARDENA, GAVIN M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>STEVENS, DANAË K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ANDERSON, GUY Q.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VICKERY, JULIET A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CALBRADE, NEIL A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DODD, STEPHEN</creatorcontrib><title>effect of supplementary winter seed food on breeding populations of farmland birds: evidence from two large-scale experiments</title><title>The Journal of applied ecology</title><description>1. Low winter food availability is probably critical in the declines of many farmland bird species in Europe, leading to the implementation of ameliorative agri-environment scheme options. To date, however, there has been no experimental test of the effectiveness of such options. 2. We report the results of two large-scale, 3-year, controlled experiments investigating the effects of supplementary winter seed provision on breeding farmland bird abundance. In each experiment, the use of winter feeding sites by birds was monitored and the availability of alternative, seed-rich habitat in the surrounding area was measured. The Winter Food for Birds (WFFB) project also included variable levels of food provision. Breeding bird abundance was then monitored in experimental and control areas. The Bird Aid project targeted yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella L., corn bunting Emberiza calandra L. and tree sparrow Passer montanus L., while WFFB considered 11 species that used supplementary winter food. 3. Comparisons of trends in breeding abundance between experimental and control areas revealed little evidence for positive effects of feeding, but there was great variation in the use of feeding sites by each species, and therefore in the seed quantity birds received. 4. Declines for yellowhammer, robin and dunnock were less steep where more food was provided in WFFB areas (a fourfold difference in seed provision across 1·5 times the land area). 5. Analysing trends with respect to weight-of-use of winter food revealed significant, positive relationships for yellowhammer (both projects) and up to five other species, depending on the control terms applied. Thus, positive effects of feeding on population change depend on the effective supply of seed to the species of interest. The hypothesis that winter food is currently limiting the populations concerned is also supported. 6. Synthesis and applications. Effective winter food provision to farmland bird populations has the potential to halt, and perhaps to reverse, declines in abundance. In practice, this means that agri-environment measures supplying significant quantities of winter food, such as stubbles preceded by low-input cereals, should succeed in changing population trends if they provide resources at the times of greatest need and if there is sufficient uptake.</description><subject>Agricultural land</subject><subject>agri‐environment schemes</subject><subject>Agroecology</subject><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</subject><subject>Animal breeding</subject><subject>animal feeding</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Aves</subject><subject>Aviculture</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bird Population Responses to Environmental Change</subject><subject>Bird populations</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Breeding</subject><subject>Breeding of animals</subject><subject>buntings</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Emberiza</subject><subject>Emberiza citrinella</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>farmland biodiversity</subject><subject>Farmlands</subject><subject>feeds</subject><subject>finches</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food availability</subject><subject>Food crops</subject><subject>Food supply</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General agroecology</subject><subject>General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping</subject><subject>General agronomy. Plant production</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development</subject><subject>Livestock breeding</subject><subject>natural resource management</subject><subject>Ornithology</subject><subject>overwinter survival</subject><subject>overwintering</subject><subject>Passer montanus</subject><subject>Plant breeding</subject><subject>population declines</subject><subject>seeds</subject><subject>Sparrows</subject><subject>Winter</subject><subject>Winter Food for Birds Project</subject><issn>0021-8901</issn><issn>1365-2664</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNUV1r1TAYLqLgcfMfCAZB79q9-WobwYsxtrkxUNBdh5z0zaGlp6lJ6zm78L-b2jHBK3OThOcjT543ywiFgqZ11hWUlzJnZSkKBlAVQDlXxfFZtnkCnmcbAEbzWgF9mb2KsQMAJTnfZL_QObQT8Y7EeRx73OMwmfBADu0wYSARsSHO-4b4gWxDurXDjox-nHsztX6Ii9KZsO_N0JBtG5r4keDPtsHBInHB78l08KQ3YYd5tKZHgscRQ7u8E0-zF870EV8_7ifZ_dXl94vP-d2X65uL87vcSspULtnWNFvLrGAVLRHAoWgcSlajqGlpLaPMKMXRKajKyrqSgXRWSSkaw6zlJ9mH1XcM_seMcdL7NlrsU2j0c9SJrkrOy0R89w-x83MYUjbNOBdCVoInUr2SbPAxBnR6TP9JpWkKehmK7vTSvV6618tQ9J-h6GOSvn_0N0sZLpjBtvGvXgFTFFjifVp5h7bHh__217dfL5dT0r9Z9V2cfHjSC5kwuti_XWFnvDa7kCLcf2PJBKBOCQTw3z0Ds_0</recordid><startdate>200710</startdate><enddate>200710</enddate><creator>SIRIWARDENA, GAVIN M</creator><creator>STEVENS, DANAË K</creator><creator>ANDERSON, GUY Q.A</creator><creator>VICKERY, JULIET A</creator><creator>CALBRADE, NEIL A</creator><creator>DODD, STEPHEN</creator><general>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Science Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Science</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7U6</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200710</creationdate><title>effect of supplementary winter seed food on breeding populations of farmland birds: evidence from two large-scale experiments</title><author>SIRIWARDENA, GAVIN M ; STEVENS, DANAË K ; ANDERSON, GUY Q.A ; VICKERY, JULIET A ; CALBRADE, NEIL A ; DODD, STEPHEN</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5129-52badbc2c42716e00fe4dfe528e4816cc212a993ef90767cf6205fc9554da2cc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Agricultural land</topic><topic>agri‐environment schemes</topic><topic>Agroecology</topic><topic>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</topic><topic>Animal breeding</topic><topic>animal feeding</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>Aves</topic><topic>Aviculture</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bird Population Responses to Environmental Change</topic><topic>Bird populations</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Breeding</topic><topic>Breeding of animals</topic><topic>buntings</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>Emberiza</topic><topic>Emberiza citrinella</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>farmland biodiversity</topic><topic>Farmlands</topic><topic>feeds</topic><topic>finches</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Food availability</topic><topic>Food crops</topic><topic>Food supply</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General agroecology</topic><topic>General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping</topic><topic>General agronomy. Plant production</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development</topic><topic>Livestock breeding</topic><topic>natural resource management</topic><topic>Ornithology</topic><topic>overwinter survival</topic><topic>overwintering</topic><topic>Passer montanus</topic><topic>Plant breeding</topic><topic>population declines</topic><topic>seeds</topic><topic>Sparrows</topic><topic>Winter</topic><topic>Winter Food for Birds Project</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>SIRIWARDENA, GAVIN M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>STEVENS, DANAË K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ANDERSON, GUY Q.A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VICKERY, JULIET A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CALBRADE, NEIL A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>DODD, STEPHEN</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The Journal of applied ecology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>SIRIWARDENA, GAVIN M</au><au>STEVENS, DANAË K</au><au>ANDERSON, GUY Q.A</au><au>VICKERY, JULIET A</au><au>CALBRADE, NEIL A</au><au>DODD, STEPHEN</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>effect of supplementary winter seed food on breeding populations of farmland birds: evidence from two large-scale experiments</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of applied ecology</jtitle><date>2007-10</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>920</spage><epage>932</epage><pages>920-932</pages><issn>0021-8901</issn><eissn>1365-2664</eissn><coden>JAPEAI</coden><abstract>1. Low winter food availability is probably critical in the declines of many farmland bird species in Europe, leading to the implementation of ameliorative agri-environment scheme options. To date, however, there has been no experimental test of the effectiveness of such options. 2. We report the results of two large-scale, 3-year, controlled experiments investigating the effects of supplementary winter seed provision on breeding farmland bird abundance. In each experiment, the use of winter feeding sites by birds was monitored and the availability of alternative, seed-rich habitat in the surrounding area was measured. The Winter Food for Birds (WFFB) project also included variable levels of food provision. Breeding bird abundance was then monitored in experimental and control areas. The Bird Aid project targeted yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella L., corn bunting Emberiza calandra L. and tree sparrow Passer montanus L., while WFFB considered 11 species that used supplementary winter food. 3. Comparisons of trends in breeding abundance between experimental and control areas revealed little evidence for positive effects of feeding, but there was great variation in the use of feeding sites by each species, and therefore in the seed quantity birds received. 4. Declines for yellowhammer, robin and dunnock were less steep where more food was provided in WFFB areas (a fourfold difference in seed provision across 1·5 times the land area). 5. Analysing trends with respect to weight-of-use of winter food revealed significant, positive relationships for yellowhammer (both projects) and up to five other species, depending on the control terms applied. Thus, positive effects of feeding on population change depend on the effective supply of seed to the species of interest. The hypothesis that winter food is currently limiting the populations concerned is also supported. 6. Synthesis and applications. Effective winter food provision to farmland bird populations has the potential to halt, and perhaps to reverse, declines in abundance. In practice, this means that agri-environment measures supplying significant quantities of winter food, such as stubbles preceded by low-input cereals, should succeed in changing population trends if they provide resources at the times of greatest need and if there is sufficient uptake.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01339.x</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0021-8901 |
ispartof | The Journal of applied ecology, 2007-10, Vol.44 (5), p.920-932 |
issn | 0021-8901 1365-2664 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_20596336 |
source | JSTOR Archival Journals and Primary Sources Collection; Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection |
subjects | Agricultural land agri‐environment schemes Agroecology Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Animal breeding animal feeding Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Aves Aviculture Biological and medical sciences Bird Population Responses to Environmental Change Bird populations Birds Breeding Breeding of animals buntings Ecology Emberiza Emberiza citrinella Experiments farmland biodiversity Farmlands feeds finches Food Food availability Food crops Food supply Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agroecology General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping General agronomy. Plant production General aspects Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development Livestock breeding natural resource management Ornithology overwinter survival overwintering Passer montanus Plant breeding population declines seeds Sparrows Winter Winter Food for Birds Project |
title | effect of supplementary winter seed food on breeding populations of farmland birds: evidence from two large-scale experiments |
url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-24T18%3A29%3A48IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_proqu&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=effect%20of%20supplementary%20winter%20seed%20food%20on%20breeding%20populations%20of%20farmland%20birds:%20evidence%20from%20two%20large-scale%20experiments&rft.jtitle=The%20Journal%20of%20applied%20ecology&rft.au=SIRIWARDENA,%20GAVIN%20M&rft.date=2007-10&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=920&rft.epage=932&rft.pages=920-932&rft.issn=0021-8901&rft.eissn=1365-2664&rft.coden=JAPEAI&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01339.x&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_proqu%3E4539312%3C/jstor_proqu%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5129-52badbc2c42716e00fe4dfe528e4816cc212a993ef90767cf6205fc9554da2cc3%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=233445743&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_jstor_id=4539312&rfr_iscdi=true |