Modeling Turbulent Flow in an Urban Central Business District

• Published in: Journal of applied meteorology (1988) 2007-12, Vol.46 (12), p.2147-2164
• Main Authors: Burrows, Donald A., Hendricks, Eric A., Diehl, Steve R., Keith, Robert
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air flow; Anemometers; Atmospheric models; Boundary layer; Buildings; Business districts; Cities; Climate models; Computational fluid dynamics; Computer simulation; Contaminants; Daytime; Fluid dynamics; Fluid flow; Hydrodynamics; Kinetic energy; Mathematical models; Meteorology; Modeling; Scale models; Sonic anemometers; Sound waves; Studies; Surface roughness; Turbulence; Turbulence models; Turbulent flow; Urban areas; Urban environments; Wind speed; Wind tunnels
• ISSN: 1558-8424; 0894-8763; 1558-8432; 1520-0450
• DOI: 10.1175/2006JAMC1282.1

The Realistic Urban Spread and Transport of Intrusive Contaminants (RUSTIC) model has been developed as a simplified computational fluid dynamics model with a k–ω turbulence model to be used to provide moderately fast simulations of turbulent airflow in an urban environment. RUSTIC simulations were compared with wind tunnel measurements to refine and “calibrate” the parameters for the k–ω model. RUSTIC simulations were then run and compared with data from five different periods during the Joint Urban 2003 experiment. Predictions from RUSTIC were compared with data from 33 near-surface sonic anemometers as well as 8 sonic anemometers on a 90-m tower and a sodar wind profiler located in the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, central business district. The data were subdivided into daytime and nighttime datasets and then the daytime data were further subdivided into exposed and sheltered sonic anemometers. While there was little difference between day and night for wind speed and direction comparisons, there was considerable difference for the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) comparisons. In the nighttime cases, RUSTIC overpredicted the TKE but without any correlation between model and observations. On the other hand, for the daytime cases, RUSTIC underpredicted the TKE values and correlated well with the observations. RUSTIC predicted both winds and TKE much better for the exposed sonic anemometers than for the sheltered ones. For the 90-m tower location downwind of the central business district, RUSTIC predicted the vertical profile of wind speed and direction very closely but underestimated the TKE.