Hydraulic behavior of tsunami backflows : insights from their modern and ancient deposits

Tsunamis are unpredictable, catastrophic events, and so present enormous difficulties for direct studies in the field or laboratory. However, their sedimentary deposits yield evidence of a wide variety of hydrodynamic conditions caused by flow transformations on a spatial and temporal scale. Tsunami...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental earth sciences 2005-11, Vol.49 (1), p.65-75
Main Authors: LE ROUX, J. P, VARGAS, G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alluvial fans
Coastal erosion
Debris flow
Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics
Exact sciences and technology
Geophysics
Hydrology
Marine and continental quaternary
Miocene
Natural hazards: prediction, damages, etc
Sediments
Stratigraphy
Surficial geology
Tidal waves
Tsunamis
Turbulence
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Summary:Tsunamis are unpredictable, catastrophic events, and so present enormous difficulties for direct studies in the field or laboratory. However, their sedimentary deposits yield evidence of a wide variety of hydrodynamic conditions caused by flow transformations on a spatial and temporal scale. Tsunami deposits ranging from the Miocene to modern times identified at different localities along the Chilean coast are described to provide a database of their characteristics. Among the typical features associated with tsunami deposits are well-rounded megaclasts eroded from coastal alluvial fans or beaches by very dense, competent flows. Sand injections from the base of these flows into the substrate indicate very high dynamic pressures, whereas basal shear carpets suggest hyperconcentrated, highly sheared flows. Turbulence develops in front of advancing debris flows, as indicated by megaflutes at the base of scoured channels.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
ISSN:0943-0105
1866-6280
1432-0495
1866-6299
DOI:10.1007/s00254-005-0059-2