Biosynthetic gene clusters for epipolythiodioxopiperazines in filamentous fungi

Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) are toxic secondary metabolites made only by fungi. Recent research efforts have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of the toxicity of these compounds. The availability of complete genome sequences for many fungi has also facilitated the identification...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Mycological research 2008-02, Vol.112 (2), p.162-169
Main Authors: Fox, Ellen M., Howlett, Barbara J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
biochemical pathways
biosynthesis
epipolythiodioxopiperazines
Evolution, Molecular
Fungi - genetics
Fungi - metabolism
Fungi - pathogenicity
Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
Gliotoxin
Gliotoxin - metabolism
Humans
Multigene Family
Mycoses - microbiology
Mycoses - veterinary
mycotoxins
Mycotoxins - biosynthesis
Mycotoxins - genetics
Pathogenicity
piperazines
Piperazines - metabolism
Plant Diseases - microbiology
plant pathogenic fungi
secondary metabolites
sirodesmin
Sirodesmin PL
Toxicity
Virulence
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Description
Summary:Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) are toxic secondary metabolites made only by fungi. Recent research efforts have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of the toxicity of these compounds. The availability of complete genome sequences for many fungi has also facilitated the identification of putative ETP biosynthetic gene clusters. Expression and mutational analyses have confirmed the role of such gene clusters in the biosynthesis of two ETPs, sirodesmin PL and gliotoxin. The creation of mutants unable to produce these ETPs has facilitated the assessment of these molecules as virulence factors in interactions between pathogenic fungi and their hosts.
ISSN:0953-7562
1469-8102
DOI:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.08.017