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Comparative toxicity of racemic metolachlor and S-metolachlor to Chlorella pyrenoidosa
The toxicity of the chiral herbicides rac-metolachlor and S-metolachlor to Chlorella pyrenoidosa was determined and compared in this study, based on four different test endpoints: the growth inhibition rate, the chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b concentration, the catalase activity, and the ultrastruc...
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| Published in: | Aquatic toxicology 2009-06, Vol.93 (2), p.100-106 |
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| creator | Liu, Huijun Xiong, Mingyu |
| description | The toxicity of the chiral herbicides
rac-metolachlor and
S-metolachlor to
Chlorella pyrenoidosa was determined and compared in this study, based on four different test endpoints: the growth inhibition rate, the chlorophyll
a and chlorophyll
b concentration, the catalase activity, and the ultrastructural morphology of cells. The 24, 48, 72, and 96
h EC
50 values of
rac-metolachlor were 0.196, 0.241, 0.177 and 0.152
mg
L
−1, respectively; these values were higher than those of
S-metolachlor, which were 0.116, 0.106, 0.081 and 0.068
mg
L
−1, respectively. This indicates that
S-metolachlor was more toxic to
C. pyrenoidosa than
rac-metolachlor. The Chl
a and Chl
b concentration of
C. pyrenoidosa treated by
rac-metolachlor was higher than that treated by
S-metolachlor. In general, the catalase activity of
C. pyrenoidosa treated by
S-metolachlor was higher than that exposed to
rac-metolachlor, and catalase activity was inhibited at high concentrations of both herbicides. The ultrastructural morphology of cells grown in the two herbicides was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell wall separated from the cell membrane, accumulated starch granules were observed in the chloroplast, and some lipid droplets and unknown electron-opaque deposits were also observed in the cytoplasm. The mechanism of the toxicity of
rac- and
S-metolachlor toxicity to
C. pyrenoidosa was explored, and the enantioselective toxicity of
rac- and
S-metolachlor to
C. pyrenoidosa was determined. These results will help to develop an understanding of the biologically mediated environmental processes of
rac- and
S-metolachlor. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.04.006 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_20633861</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0166445X0900126X</els_id><sourcerecordid>20633861</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-85e4dfa7e9d6675da9108048f659410b974fa145ed6204a52a530ef7638abaa73</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkE1v1DAQQC3Uii4LP4E2F7gltR3bSU4VWkGpVIlDW8TNmrXH4FUSb-1s1f33eLVR4daZw1jWmw89Qj4yWjHK1OWmgscdTOG54pR2FRUVpeoNWbC26UommTghi8ypUgj564y8S2lDc3DRvSVnrBO8ZbxZkJ-rMGwhwuSfsMjTvPHTvgiuiGBw8KYYcAo9mD99iAWMtrgr__-ZQrE6PLDvodjuI47B25DgPTl10Cf8MNclefj29X71vbz9cX2z-nJbGiHaqWwlCuugwc4q1UgLHaMtFa1TshOMrrtGOGBColWcCpAcZE3RNapuYQ3Q1Evy-Th3G8PjDtOkB5_M4ZoRwy5pTlVdt4plUB5BE0NKEZ3eRj9A3GtG9UGo3uhZqD4I1VToLDT3nc8LdusB7b-u2WAGPs0AJAO9izAan144zhrO6xxLcnHkHAQNv2NmHu44ZXXeLVjOTFwdCczCnjxGnYzH0aD1Ec2kbfCvHPsXsyugsQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>20633861</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Comparative toxicity of racemic metolachlor and S-metolachlor to Chlorella pyrenoidosa</title><source>Elsevier</source><creator>Liu, Huijun ; Xiong, Mingyu</creator><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huijun ; Xiong, Mingyu</creatorcontrib><description>The toxicity of the chiral herbicides
rac-metolachlor and
S-metolachlor to
Chlorella pyrenoidosa was determined and compared in this study, based on four different test endpoints: the growth inhibition rate, the chlorophyll
a and chlorophyll
b concentration, the catalase activity, and the ultrastructural morphology of cells. The 24, 48, 72, and 96
h EC
50 values of
rac-metolachlor were 0.196, 0.241, 0.177 and 0.152
mg
L
−1, respectively; these values were higher than those of
S-metolachlor, which were 0.116, 0.106, 0.081 and 0.068
mg
L
−1, respectively. This indicates that
S-metolachlor was more toxic to
C. pyrenoidosa than
rac-metolachlor. The Chl
a and Chl
b concentration of
C. pyrenoidosa treated by
rac-metolachlor was higher than that treated by
S-metolachlor. In general, the catalase activity of
C. pyrenoidosa treated by
S-metolachlor was higher than that exposed to
rac-metolachlor, and catalase activity was inhibited at high concentrations of both herbicides. The ultrastructural morphology of cells grown in the two herbicides was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell wall separated from the cell membrane, accumulated starch granules were observed in the chloroplast, and some lipid droplets and unknown electron-opaque deposits were also observed in the cytoplasm. The mechanism of the toxicity of
rac- and
S-metolachlor toxicity to
C. pyrenoidosa was explored, and the enantioselective toxicity of
rac- and
S-metolachlor to
C. pyrenoidosa was determined. These results will help to develop an understanding of the biologically mediated environmental processes of
rac- and
S-metolachlor.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0166-445X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1514</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.04.006</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19428127</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AQTODG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Acetamides - toxicity ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Applied ecology ; Biological and medical sciences ; catalase ; Catalase - metabolism ; Cell Growth Processes - drug effects ; chemical structure ; Chiral herbicide ; Chlorella - drug effects ; Chlorella - metabolism ; Chlorella - ultrastructure ; Chlorella pyrenoidosa ; chlorophyll ; Chlorophyll - metabolism ; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution ; effective concentration 50 ; Enantioselectivity ; enzyme activity ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; Herbicides - toxicity ; in vitro culture ; metolachlor ; microalgae ; microbial growth ; plant morphology ; Stereoisomerism ; toxicity testing ; Toxicological sensitivity ; Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ; ultrastructure ; water pollution</subject><ispartof>Aquatic toxicology, 2009-06, Vol.93 (2), p.100-106</ispartof><rights>2009 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-85e4dfa7e9d6675da9108048f659410b974fa145ed6204a52a530ef7638abaa73</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21722333$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19428127$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huijun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiong, Mingyu</creatorcontrib><title>Comparative toxicity of racemic metolachlor and S-metolachlor to Chlorella pyrenoidosa</title><title>Aquatic toxicology</title><addtitle>Aquat Toxicol</addtitle><description>The toxicity of the chiral herbicides
rac-metolachlor and
S-metolachlor to
Chlorella pyrenoidosa was determined and compared in this study, based on four different test endpoints: the growth inhibition rate, the chlorophyll
a and chlorophyll
b concentration, the catalase activity, and the ultrastructural morphology of cells. The 24, 48, 72, and 96
h EC
50 values of
rac-metolachlor were 0.196, 0.241, 0.177 and 0.152
mg
L
−1, respectively; these values were higher than those of
S-metolachlor, which were 0.116, 0.106, 0.081 and 0.068
mg
L
−1, respectively. This indicates that
S-metolachlor was more toxic to
C. pyrenoidosa than
rac-metolachlor. The Chl
a and Chl
b concentration of
C. pyrenoidosa treated by
rac-metolachlor was higher than that treated by
S-metolachlor. In general, the catalase activity of
C. pyrenoidosa treated by
S-metolachlor was higher than that exposed to
rac-metolachlor, and catalase activity was inhibited at high concentrations of both herbicides. The ultrastructural morphology of cells grown in the two herbicides was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell wall separated from the cell membrane, accumulated starch granules were observed in the chloroplast, and some lipid droplets and unknown electron-opaque deposits were also observed in the cytoplasm. The mechanism of the toxicity of
rac- and
S-metolachlor toxicity to
C. pyrenoidosa was explored, and the enantioselective toxicity of
rac- and
S-metolachlor to
C. pyrenoidosa was determined. These results will help to develop an understanding of the biologically mediated environmental processes of
rac- and
S-metolachlor.</description><subject>Acetamides - toxicity</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>catalase</subject><subject>Catalase - metabolism</subject><subject>Cell Growth Processes - drug effects</subject><subject>chemical structure</subject><subject>Chiral herbicide</subject><subject>Chlorella - drug effects</subject><subject>Chlorella - metabolism</subject><subject>Chlorella - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</subject><subject>chlorophyll</subject><subject>Chlorophyll - metabolism</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</subject><subject>effective concentration 50</subject><subject>Enantioselectivity</subject><subject>enzyme activity</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Herbicides - toxicity</subject><subject>in vitro culture</subject><subject>metolachlor</subject><subject>microalgae</subject><subject>microbial growth</subject><subject>plant morphology</subject><subject>Stereoisomerism</subject><subject>toxicity testing</subject><subject>Toxicological sensitivity</subject><subject>Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)</subject><subject>ultrastructure</subject><subject>water pollution</subject><issn>0166-445X</issn><issn>1879-1514</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkE1v1DAQQC3Uii4LP4E2F7gltR3bSU4VWkGpVIlDW8TNmrXH4FUSb-1s1f33eLVR4daZw1jWmw89Qj4yWjHK1OWmgscdTOG54pR2FRUVpeoNWbC26UommTghi8ypUgj564y8S2lDc3DRvSVnrBO8ZbxZkJ-rMGwhwuSfsMjTvPHTvgiuiGBw8KYYcAo9mD99iAWMtrgr__-ZQrE6PLDvodjuI47B25DgPTl10Cf8MNclefj29X71vbz9cX2z-nJbGiHaqWwlCuugwc4q1UgLHaMtFa1TshOMrrtGOGBColWcCpAcZE3RNapuYQ3Q1Evy-Th3G8PjDtOkB5_M4ZoRwy5pTlVdt4plUB5BE0NKEZ3eRj9A3GtG9UGo3uhZqD4I1VToLDT3nc8LdusB7b-u2WAGPs0AJAO9izAan144zhrO6xxLcnHkHAQNv2NmHu44ZXXeLVjOTFwdCczCnjxGnYzH0aD1Ec2kbfCvHPsXsyugsQ</recordid><startdate>20090628</startdate><enddate>20090628</enddate><creator>Liu, Huijun</creator><creator>Xiong, Mingyu</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier Science</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>SOI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090628</creationdate><title>Comparative toxicity of racemic metolachlor and S-metolachlor to Chlorella pyrenoidosa</title><author>Liu, Huijun ; Xiong, Mingyu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-85e4dfa7e9d6675da9108048f659410b974fa145ed6204a52a530ef7638abaa73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Acetamides - toxicity</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>catalase</topic><topic>Catalase - metabolism</topic><topic>Cell Growth Processes - drug effects</topic><topic>chemical structure</topic><topic>Chiral herbicide</topic><topic>Chlorella - drug effects</topic><topic>Chlorella - metabolism</topic><topic>Chlorella - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</topic><topic>chlorophyll</topic><topic>Chlorophyll - metabolism</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</topic><topic>effective concentration 50</topic><topic>Enantioselectivity</topic><topic>enzyme activity</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Herbicides - toxicity</topic><topic>in vitro culture</topic><topic>metolachlor</topic><topic>microalgae</topic><topic>microbial growth</topic><topic>plant morphology</topic><topic>Stereoisomerism</topic><topic>toxicity testing</topic><topic>Toxicological sensitivity</topic><topic>Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)</topic><topic>ultrastructure</topic><topic>water pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Huijun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiong, Mingyu</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Aquatic toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Huijun</au><au>Xiong, Mingyu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparative toxicity of racemic metolachlor and S-metolachlor to Chlorella pyrenoidosa</atitle><jtitle>Aquatic toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Aquat Toxicol</addtitle><date>2009-06-28</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>93</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>100</spage><epage>106</epage><pages>100-106</pages><issn>0166-445X</issn><eissn>1879-1514</eissn><coden>AQTODG</coden><abstract>The toxicity of the chiral herbicides
rac-metolachlor and
S-metolachlor to
Chlorella pyrenoidosa was determined and compared in this study, based on four different test endpoints: the growth inhibition rate, the chlorophyll
a and chlorophyll
b concentration, the catalase activity, and the ultrastructural morphology of cells. The 24, 48, 72, and 96
h EC
50 values of
rac-metolachlor were 0.196, 0.241, 0.177 and 0.152
mg
L
−1, respectively; these values were higher than those of
S-metolachlor, which were 0.116, 0.106, 0.081 and 0.068
mg
L
−1, respectively. This indicates that
S-metolachlor was more toxic to
C. pyrenoidosa than
rac-metolachlor. The Chl
a and Chl
b concentration of
C. pyrenoidosa treated by
rac-metolachlor was higher than that treated by
S-metolachlor. In general, the catalase activity of
C. pyrenoidosa treated by
S-metolachlor was higher than that exposed to
rac-metolachlor, and catalase activity was inhibited at high concentrations of both herbicides. The ultrastructural morphology of cells grown in the two herbicides was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell wall separated from the cell membrane, accumulated starch granules were observed in the chloroplast, and some lipid droplets and unknown electron-opaque deposits were also observed in the cytoplasm. The mechanism of the toxicity of
rac- and
S-metolachlor toxicity to
C. pyrenoidosa was explored, and the enantioselective toxicity of
rac- and
S-metolachlor to
C. pyrenoidosa was determined. These results will help to develop an understanding of the biologically mediated environmental processes of
rac- and
S-metolachlor.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>19428127</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.04.006</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Aquatic toxicology, 2009-06, Vol.93 (2), p.100-106 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Elsevier |
| subjects | Acetamides - toxicity Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Biological and medical sciences catalase Catalase - metabolism Cell Growth Processes - drug effects chemical structure Chiral herbicide Chlorella - drug effects Chlorella - metabolism Chlorella - ultrastructure Chlorella pyrenoidosa chlorophyll Chlorophyll - metabolism Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution effective concentration 50 Enantioselectivity enzyme activity Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Herbicides - toxicity in vitro culture metolachlor microalgae microbial growth plant morphology Stereoisomerism toxicity testing Toxicological sensitivity Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ultrastructure water pollution |
| title | Comparative toxicity of racemic metolachlor and S-metolachlor to Chlorella pyrenoidosa |
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