Soothing Oneself and Resisting Self-Attacks: The Treatment of Two Intrapersonal Deficits in Depression Vulnerability

• Published in: Cognitive therapy and research 2009-06, Vol.33 (3), p.301-313
• Main Authors: Kelly, Allison C., Zuroff, David C., Shapira, Leah B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acne; Behavior therapy. Cognitive therapy; Biological and medical sciences; Clinical Psychology; Cognitive Psychology; Criticism; Critics; Intervention; Medical sciences; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Mental depression; Original Article; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Psychotherapy; Quality of Life Research; Self compassion; Self help; Treatments
• ISSN: 0147-5916; 1573-2819
• DOI: 10.1007/s10608-008-9202-1

Self-critical individuals are more likely to become and remain depressed (Blatt, Experiences of depression: Theoretical, research and clinical perspectives , American Psychological Association Press, Washington, DC, 2004). This vulnerability to depression may reflect the association of trait self-criticism with difficulties self-soothing and resisting self-attacks. The current study tested the impact of two self-help interventions designed to reduce depression by improving these two intrapersonal deficits. The first was designed to foster compassionate self-relating whereas the second was designed to foster resilient self-relating. Seventy-five distressed acne sufferers were assigned to one of three conditions: a self-soothing intervention, an attack-resisting intervention, or a control condition. The interventions consisted of daily imagery-based self-talk exercises inspired by Gilbert’s ( Genes on the couch: Explorations in evolutionary psychotherapy , Brenner-Routledge, Hove, 2000) social mentatlities theory and compassionate mind training (Gilbert and Irons, Compassion: Conceptualisations, research and use in psychotherapy , Brunner-Routledge, London, 2005). In two weeks, the self-soothing intervention lowered shame and skin complaints. The attack-resisting intervention lowered depression, shame, and skin complaints, and was especially effective at lowering depression for self-critics. Implications for the treatment of self-criticism and depression are discussed.