Catalyst deterioration over the lifetime of small utility engines

In this paper, the deterioration of catalysts in small, four-stroke, spark-ignition engines is described. The laboratory testing performed followed a proven test method that mimics the lifetime of a small air-cooled utility engine operating under normal field conditions. The engines used were single...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995) 2007-10, Vol.57 (10), p.1223-1233
Main Authors: DOLL, Nicholas J, REISEL, John R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air Pollutants - analysis
Applied sciences
Atmospheric pollution
Carbon dioxide
Catalysis
Catalysts
Catalytic reactions
Chemical engineering
Chemistry
Design
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Electron microscopes
Emissions control
Exact sciences and technology
General and physical chemistry
Hydrocarbons - analysis
Mechanical properties
Mechanical wear
Metals
Motor vehicles
Nitrogen Oxides - analysis
Poisoning
Pollution
Pollution control devices
Reactors
Sample size
Soot - analysis
Theory of reactions, general kinetics. Catalysis. Nomenclature, chemical documentation, computer chemistry
Vehicle Emissions - analysis
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Summary:In this paper, the deterioration of catalysts in small, four-stroke, spark-ignition engines is described. The laboratory testing performed followed a proven test method that mimics the lifetime of a small air-cooled utility engine operating under normal field conditions. The engines used were single-cylinder, 6.5-hp, side-valve engines. These engines have a nominal 125-hr lifetime. The effectiveness of the catalysts was determined by testing exhaust emissions before and after the catalyst to determine the catalyst's efficiency. This was done several times during the lifetime of the engines to determine the deterioration in the performance of the catalysts at lowering pollutant emissions. Additional testing was performed on the catalysts to determine wear patterns, contamination, and recoverable activity. The results indicate that considerable catalyst deterioration is occurring over the lifetime of the engine. The results reveal that soot buildup, poisons, and active surface loss appear to be the contributing factors to the deterioration. These results were determined after analyzing the exhaust emissions data, scanning electron microscope results analysis, and the impact of regeneration attempts. An ANOVA statistical analysis was performed, and it was determined that the emissions are also impacted, to some degree, by time and the engine itself.
ISSN:1096-2247
2162-2906
DOI:10.3155/1047-3289.57.10.1223