Clinical associations between acetylcholine levels and cholinesterase activity in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid and periodontal diseases

Aim The oral mucosa possesses a non‐neuronal cholinergic system. This study aimed to determine clinical evidence for a role of cholinergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Materials and Methods Fifty healthy participants, 52 patients with gingivitis and 49 with periodontitis w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of clinical periodontology 2018-10, Vol.45 (10), p.1173-1183
Main Authors: Apatzidou, Danae A., Iskas, Achilleas, Konstantinidis, Antonis, Alghamdi, Abeer M., Tumelty, Maria, Lappin, David F., Nile, Christopher J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholinesterase
butyrylcholinesterase
Cholinergic transmission
Cholinesterase
Dentistry
Gingivitis
Gum disease
IL‐17
Inflammation
Mucosa
Periodontal diseases
Periodontitis
Saliva
Smoking
Therapeutic applications
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Summary:Aim The oral mucosa possesses a non‐neuronal cholinergic system. This study aimed to determine clinical evidence for a role of cholinergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Materials and Methods Fifty healthy participants, 52 patients with gingivitis and 49 with periodontitis were recruited. Full periodontal parameters were recorded and saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collected. Levels of acetylcholine and inflammatory mediators were quantified using commercially available assay kits. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities were measured using a published biochemical assay. Results Acetylcholine levels are significantly elevated in saliva and GCF, whereas GCF levels of butyrylcholinesterase activity are significantly decreased, in patients with periodontal diseases. Acetylcholine levels in saliva and GCF correlated positively with clinical markers of disease severity and with increased levels of IL‐17A and IL‐17F. In contrast, butyrylcholinesterase activity levels in GCF showed significant negative correlations with clinical markers of disease severity and IL‐17A and IL‐17F levels. None of the findings were due to smoking. Conclusions Elevated acetylcholine levels and reduced butyrylcholinesterase activity are clinically associated with periodontal diseases and elevated levels of IL‐17A and IL‐17F. Therefore, non‐neuronal cholinergic mechanisms may influence IL‐17 biology and the aetiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases and therefore are possible therapeutic targets.
ISSN:0303-6979
1600-051X
DOI:10.1111/jcpe.12989