Esterase-mediated malathion resistance in the human head louse, Pediculus capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae)

Resistance in a dual malathion- and permethrin-resistant head louse strain (BR-HL) was studied. BR-HL was 3.6- and 3.7-fold more resistant to malathion and permethrin, respectively, compared to insecticide-susceptible EC-HL. S, S, S-Tributylphosphorotrithioate synergized malathion toxicity by 2.1-fo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pesticide biochemistry and physiology 2006-05, Vol.85 (1), p.28-37
Main Authors: Gao, Jian-Rong, Yoon, Kyong Sup, Frisbie, Richard K., Coles, Gerald C., Clark, J. Marshall
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anoplura
Biological and medical sciences
Carboxylesterase
Control
enzyme activity
Esterases
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Head lice
insect pests
insecticide resistance
Malathion
Medically important nuisances and vectors, pests of stored products and materials: population survey and control
Pediculidae
Pediculus
Pediculus capitus
Pediculus humanus capitis
pest control
Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection
Protozoa. Invertebrates
Resistance
Vectors. Intermediate hosts
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Summary:Resistance in a dual malathion- and permethrin-resistant head louse strain (BR-HL) was studied. BR-HL was 3.6- and 3.7-fold more resistant to malathion and permethrin, respectively, compared to insecticide-susceptible EC-HL. S, S, S-Tributylphosphorotrithioate synergized malathion toxicity by 2.1-fold but not permethrin toxicity in BR-HL. Piperonyl butoxide did not synergize malathion or permethrin toxicity. Malathion carboxylesterase (MCE) activity was 13.3-fold and general esterase activity was 3.9-fold higher in BR-HL versus EC-HL. There were no significant differences in phosphotriesterase, glutathione S-transferase, and acetylcholinesterase activities between strains. There was no differential sensitivity in acetylcholinesterase inhibition by malaoxon. Esterases from BR-HL had higher affinities and hydrolysis efficiencies versus EC-HL using various naphthyl-substituted esters. Protein content of BR-HL females and males was 1.6- and 1.3-fold higher, respectively, versus EC-HL adults. Electrophoresis revealed two esterases with increased intensity and a unique esterase associated with BR-HL. Thus, increased MCE activity and over-expressed esterases appear to be involved in malathion resistance in the head louse.
ISSN:0048-3575
1095-9939
DOI:10.1016/j.pestbp.2005.09.003