Physiological adaptations of freshwater crayfishes that permit successful aquacultural enterprises

SYNOPSIS. There are over 400 species and three families of freshwater crayfishes. Many species are collected for food and/or fish bait but fewer than ten are commercially cultivated. We discuss the physiological adaptations that permit these species to be successfully cultivated. The most important...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:American zoologist 1995-02, Vol.35 (1), p.12-19
Main Authors: Huner, J.V. (University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.), Lindqvist, O.V
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ACUICULTURA
ADAPTACION
ADAPTATION
Anatomy & physiology
AQUACULTURE
BEHAVIOUR
BURROWING
Cambaridae
CANGREJO DE RIO
COMPORTAMIENTO
COMPORTEMENT
CRAYFISH
Crayfish culture
DISEASE RESISTANCE
ECREVISSE
FECUNDITY
FERTILIDAD
FERTILITE
FERTILITY
Fish culture
Fresh water
Freshwater
Freshwater aquaculture
GROWTH RATE
INDICE DE CRECIMIENTO
Oxygen
Parastacidae
Physiology and Adaptations in Crayfish
Ponds
RESISTANCE AUX MALADIES
RESISTENCIA A LA ENFERMEDAD
Shellfish
Surface water
Swamps
TAUX DE CROISSANCE
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Summary:SYNOPSIS. There are over 400 species and three families of freshwater crayfishes. Many species are collected for food and/or fish bait but fewer than ten are commercially cultivated. We discuss the physiological adaptations that permit these species to be successfully cultivated. The most important cultured species include: Northern Hemisphere—Cambaridae— Orconectes immunis, Procambarus clarkii, and Procambarus zonangulus, and Southern Hemisphere—Parastacidae—Cherax destructor. Procambarus clarkii is, by far, the most important species and has been successfully introduced to all continents, save Antarctica and Australia, from its native North America. All species may be cultivated entirely in closed, intensive systems; however, economics are such that they are commercially produced, for the most part, by establishing perpetuating populations in earthen pond systems. All species tolerate low oxygen, adapt well to aerial exposure, and persist for extended periods in burrow systems in the absence of surface waters. The cultured species have high fecundities, rapid growth rates, and mature quickly. Aquaculture of freshwater crayfish is in its infancy. Therefore, it is likely that additional species with favorable adaptations discussed here will be identified for cultural purposes
ISSN:0003-1569
1540-7063
2162-4445
1557-7023
DOI:10.1093/icb/35.1.12