DMT1 and iron transport

Many past and recent advances in the field of iron metabolism have relied upon the discovery of divalent metal transporter 1, DMT1 in 1997. DMT1 is the major iron transporter and contributes non-heme iron uptake in most types of cell. Each DMT1 isoform exhibits different expression patterns in cell-...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Free radical biology & medicine 2019-03, Vol.133, p.55-63
Main Authors: Yanatori, Izumi, Kishi, Fumio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biological Transport - genetics
Cation Transport Proteins - genetics
Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)
Gene Expression Regulation - genetics
Humans
Ion Transport - genetics
Iron
Iron - metabolism
Iron chaperone
Isoform
Molecular Chaperones - genetics
Molecular Chaperones - metabolism
Protein Isoforms - genetics
Protein Isoforms - metabolism
RNA-Binding Proteins - genetics
RNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
Transferrin - genetics
Transferrin - metabolism
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Summary:Many past and recent advances in the field of iron metabolism have relied upon the discovery of divalent metal transporter 1, DMT1 in 1997. DMT1 is the major iron transporter and contributes non-heme iron uptake in most types of cell. Each DMT1 isoform exhibits different expression patterns in cell-type specificity and distinct subcellular distribution, which enables cells to uptake both transferrin-bound and non-transferrin-bound irons efficiently. DMT1 expression is regulated by iron through the translational and degradation pathways to ensure iron homeostasis. It is considered that mammalian iron transporters including DMT1 cannot transport ferric iron but ferrous iron. Being reduced to ferrous state is likely to damage cells and tissues through the production of reactive oxygen species. Recently, iron chaperones have been identified, which can provide an answer to how ferrous iron is transported safely in cytosol. We summarize DMT1 expression depending on the types of cell or tissue and the function and mechanism of one of the iron chaperones, PCBP2. [Display omitted] •Each DMT1 isoform is expressed in a cell-type-specific manner.•DMT1 expression is regulated by the transcription/translation and the degradation.•PCBP2 functions in iron import and export as a gateway keeper.•PCBP2 functions in the metabolon of heme degradation.
ISSN:0891-5849
1873-4596
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.020