Magnetic effervescent tablets containing ionic liquids as a non-conventional extraction and dispersive agent for determination of pyrethroids in milk

• Published in: Food chemistry 2018-12, Vol.268, p.468-475
• Main Authors: Zhou, Peipei, Chen, Kai, Gao, Man, Qu, Jingang, Zhang, Zhanen, Dahlgren, Randy A., Li, Yanyan, Liu, Wei, Huang, Hong, Wang, Xuedong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles; Ionic liquid; Ionic Liquids - chemistry; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Magnetic effervescent tablet; Milk; Milk - chemistry; Pyrethrins - analysis; Pyrethroids; Tablets
• ISSN: 0308-8146; 1873-7072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.099

•Ionic liquid-based magnetic effervescent tablet as non-conventional microextraction.•Not contacting of acidic and alkali source in tablet leads to its strong stability.•An effervescent tablet, 2:1 HCl:Na2CO3, and 60 μL [C6MIM]PF6 as extractant.•Combined action of extractant and sorbent vastly increase extraction efficiency.•LODs for pyrethroids from 0.024 to 0.075 μg kg−1 with recoveries of 78.3–101.8%. Conventional magnetic effervescent tablet has many drawbacks, such as not practicable for field processing, rapid moisture absorption, and poor tablet storage characteristics. Herein, we developed a novel magnetic effervescent tablet containing ionic liquid microextraction (MET-ILM) for determination of pyrethroids in dairy milk. It contains only Na2CO3 as an alkali source (no acidic source) in the Fe3O4 magnetic tablet; the CO2-forming reaction is initiated in the acidic solution containing the analytes, and thus the prepared tablet can be stored for long time periods without deterioration. The combined action of extractant and sorbent vastly increase the extraction efficiency. The optimized procedure consisted of an effervescent tablet, 2:1 HCl:Na2CO3, and 60 μL [C6MIM]PF6 as extraction solvent. The LODs for five pyrethroids were 0.024–0.075 μg kg−1 with recoveries of 78.3–101.8%. The RSDs were