Substituted diphenylamine antioxidants and benzotriazole UV stabilizers in blood plasma of fish, turtles, birds and dolphins from North America

• Published in: The Science of the total environment 2019-01, Vol.647, p.182-190
• Main Authors: Lu, Zhe, De Silva, Amila O., Zhou, Wenjia, Tetreault, Gerald R., de Solla, Shane R., Fair, Patricia A., Houde, Magali, Bossart, Greg, Muir, Derek C.G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antioxidants - metabolism; Benzotriazole UV stabilizers; Birds; Birds - blood; Chemicals of emerging concern; Diphenylamine - blood; Dolphins - blood; Environmental Monitoring; Fishes - blood; Great Lakes Region; Marine mammals; North America; Reptiles; Substituted diphenylamine antioxidants; Triazoles - blood; Turtles - blood; Water Pollutants, Chemical - blood
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.405

Substituted diphenylamine antioxidants (SDPAs) and benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BZT-UVs) are additives used in industrial and commercial applications to prevent degradation by oxidation and are contaminants of emerging environmental concern. Little is known about the fate of these contaminants in wildlife, particularly in reptiles, birds and marine mammals. Nine SDPAs and six BZT-UVs were measured in blood plasma of seven fish species, snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina), double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), and bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from various locations in North America. Plasma SDPAs were more frequently (90–100%) detected and with higher concentrations (median: 25–270 pg g−1, wet weight (ww)) in organisms from urban areas than rural locations (median:  double-crested cormorants > bottlenose dolphins. Of the three quantifiable BZT-UVs, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (UV328) showed higher detection frequency in most species of fish, bird and turtle (range of 0–67%), indicating the widespread distribution of UV328 in the aquatic environment of lower Great Lakes region. [Display omitted] •SDPAs and BZT-UVs detected in the blood of fish, turtles, birds and dolphins•First report of SDPAs and BZT-UVs in reptiles•Urban samples showed higher levels of SDPAs and BZT-UVs than rural areas.•SDPAs levels followed the order of fish ≥ turtles > cormorants > dolphin.