Citric acid reduces oral biofilm and influences the electrochemical behavior of titanium: An in situ and in vitro study

Background Citric acid (CA) has been suggested as an effective antimicrobial agent against biofilms formed on titanium. However, the antimicrobial effect of CA in biofilms formed in the oral environment and its effects on the physical properties of titanium surface remain unknown. Therefore, this st...

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Published in:Journal of periodontology (1970) 2019-02, Vol.90 (2), p.149-158
Main Authors: Souza, João G. S., Cordeiro, Jairo M., Lima, Carolina V., Barão, Valentim A. R.
Format: Article
Language:English
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biofilms
citric acid
corrosion
Dentistry
titanium
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container_issue 2
container_start_page 149
container_title Journal of periodontology (1970)
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creator Souza, João G. S.
Cordeiro, Jairo M.
Lima, Carolina V.
Barão, Valentim A. R.
description Background Citric acid (CA) has been suggested as an effective antimicrobial agent against biofilms formed on titanium. However, the antimicrobial effect of CA in biofilms formed in the oral environment and its effects on the physical properties of titanium surface remain unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of CA on in situ biofilm, whether this treatment favors the bacteria recolonization and its effect on the electrochemical properties of titanium. Methods In the in situ test, volunteers wore a palatal appliance containing titanium discs. After 7 days, the discs (N = 21) were exposed in vitro to the following treatments: immersion in 0.9% sodium chloride (control); 40% CA immersion; and 40% CA rubbing. Afterwards, these discs (N = 18) were exposed in vitro to new bacterial adhesion with Streptococcus sanguinis. New discs (N = 18) without biofilm were exposed to the treatments and subjected to electrochemical tests and surface characterization. Data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test. Results The CA groups showed a significant reduction (≈ 5‐log reduction) in the biofilm formed in situ compared with the control group (p 
doi_str_mv 10.1002/JPER.18-0178
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S. ; Cordeiro, Jairo M. ; Lima, Carolina V. ; Barão, Valentim A. R.</creator><creatorcontrib>Souza, João G. S. ; Cordeiro, Jairo M. ; Lima, Carolina V. ; Barão, Valentim A. R.</creatorcontrib><description>Background Citric acid (CA) has been suggested as an effective antimicrobial agent against biofilms formed on titanium. However, the antimicrobial effect of CA in biofilms formed in the oral environment and its effects on the physical properties of titanium surface remain unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of CA on in situ biofilm, whether this treatment favors the bacteria recolonization and its effect on the electrochemical properties of titanium. Methods In the in situ test, volunteers wore a palatal appliance containing titanium discs. After 7 days, the discs (N = 21) were exposed in vitro to the following treatments: immersion in 0.9% sodium chloride (control); 40% CA immersion; and 40% CA rubbing. Afterwards, these discs (N = 18) were exposed in vitro to new bacterial adhesion with Streptococcus sanguinis. New discs (N = 18) without biofilm were exposed to the treatments and subjected to electrochemical tests and surface characterization. Data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test. Results The CA groups showed a significant reduction (≈ 5‐log reduction) in the biofilm formed in situ compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.05), but no difference was found between CA application methods (p = 0.680). The acid treatment did not favor the recolonization of bacteria (p = 0.629). CA treatment did not influence the polarization resistance and capacitance of the oxide film, but statistically enhanced the electrochemical stability of titanium. Conclusion Citric acid appears to be an effective clinical alternative for treatment of the main etiologic factor in dental implant failure, biofilm formation, enhancing electrochemical behavior of titanium.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3492</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1943-3670</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/JPER.18-0178</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30088827</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States</publisher><subject>biofilms ; citric acid ; corrosion ; Dentistry ; titanium</subject><ispartof>Journal of periodontology (1970), 2019-02, Vol.90 (2), p.149-158</ispartof><rights>2018 American Academy of Periodontology</rights><rights>2018 American Academy of Periodontology.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3350-c8a48ec6f2c4dd5c12dfb6d42fbb2f8416b1d7ceea9823f5d2d63dc0fe51fb9f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3350-c8a48ec6f2c4dd5c12dfb6d42fbb2f8416b1d7ceea9823f5d2d63dc0fe51fb9f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30088827$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Souza, João G. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordeiro, Jairo M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lima, Carolina V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barão, Valentim A. R.</creatorcontrib><title>Citric acid reduces oral biofilm and influences the electrochemical behavior of titanium: An in situ and in vitro study</title><title>Journal of periodontology (1970)</title><addtitle>J Periodontol</addtitle><description>Background Citric acid (CA) has been suggested as an effective antimicrobial agent against biofilms formed on titanium. However, the antimicrobial effect of CA in biofilms formed in the oral environment and its effects on the physical properties of titanium surface remain unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of CA on in situ biofilm, whether this treatment favors the bacteria recolonization and its effect on the electrochemical properties of titanium. Methods In the in situ test, volunteers wore a palatal appliance containing titanium discs. After 7 days, the discs (N = 21) were exposed in vitro to the following treatments: immersion in 0.9% sodium chloride (control); 40% CA immersion; and 40% CA rubbing. Afterwards, these discs (N = 18) were exposed in vitro to new bacterial adhesion with Streptococcus sanguinis. New discs (N = 18) without biofilm were exposed to the treatments and subjected to electrochemical tests and surface characterization. Data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test. Results The CA groups showed a significant reduction (≈ 5‐log reduction) in the biofilm formed in situ compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.05), but no difference was found between CA application methods (p = 0.680). The acid treatment did not favor the recolonization of bacteria (p = 0.629). CA treatment did not influence the polarization resistance and capacitance of the oxide film, but statistically enhanced the electrochemical stability of titanium. Conclusion Citric acid appears to be an effective clinical alternative for treatment of the main etiologic factor in dental implant failure, biofilm formation, enhancing electrochemical behavior of titanium.</description><subject>biofilms</subject><subject>citric acid</subject><subject>corrosion</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>titanium</subject><issn>0022-3492</issn><issn>1943-3670</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kbtPwzAQhy0EoqWwMSOPDKT4kYfDVlXlpUogBHPk2GfVKImLnbTqf09CCyPT6XTf_U76DqFLSqaUEHb7_Lp4m1IREZqJIzSmecwjnmbkGI37MYt4nLMROgvhs29pzMkpGnFChBAsG6Pt3LbeKiyV1diD7hQE7LyscGmdsVWNZaOxbUzVQTPM2hVgqEC13qkV1FYNKKzkxjqPncGtbWVju_oOz5p-DwfbdocMvOlvORzaTu_O0YmRVYCLQ52gj_vF-_wxWr48PM1ny0hxnpBICRkLUKlhKtY6UZRpU6Y6ZqYsmRExTUuqMwUgc8G4STTTKdeKGEioKXPDJ-h6n7v27quD0Ba1DQqqSjbgulAwIpI0jdPe2gTd7FHlXQgeTLH2tpZ-V1BSDKqLQXVBRTGo7vGrQ3JX1qD_4F-3PcD3wNZWsPs37Keh_bcI_wae_Itc</recordid><startdate>201902</startdate><enddate>201902</enddate><creator>Souza, João G. S.</creator><creator>Cordeiro, Jairo M.</creator><creator>Lima, Carolina V.</creator><creator>Barão, Valentim A. R.</creator><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201902</creationdate><title>Citric acid reduces oral biofilm and influences the electrochemical behavior of titanium: An in situ and in vitro study</title><author>Souza, João G. S. ; Cordeiro, Jairo M. ; Lima, Carolina V. ; Barão, Valentim A. R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3350-c8a48ec6f2c4dd5c12dfb6d42fbb2f8416b1d7ceea9823f5d2d63dc0fe51fb9f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>biofilms</topic><topic>citric acid</topic><topic>corrosion</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>titanium</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Souza, João G. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cordeiro, Jairo M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lima, Carolina V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barão, Valentim A. R.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of periodontology (1970)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Souza, João G. S.</au><au>Cordeiro, Jairo M.</au><au>Lima, Carolina V.</au><au>Barão, Valentim A. R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Citric acid reduces oral biofilm and influences the electrochemical behavior of titanium: An in situ and in vitro study</atitle><jtitle>Journal of periodontology (1970)</jtitle><addtitle>J Periodontol</addtitle><date>2019-02</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>90</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>149</spage><epage>158</epage><pages>149-158</pages><issn>0022-3492</issn><eissn>1943-3670</eissn><abstract>Background Citric acid (CA) has been suggested as an effective antimicrobial agent against biofilms formed on titanium. However, the antimicrobial effect of CA in biofilms formed in the oral environment and its effects on the physical properties of titanium surface remain unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of CA on in situ biofilm, whether this treatment favors the bacteria recolonization and its effect on the electrochemical properties of titanium. Methods In the in situ test, volunteers wore a palatal appliance containing titanium discs. After 7 days, the discs (N = 21) were exposed in vitro to the following treatments: immersion in 0.9% sodium chloride (control); 40% CA immersion; and 40% CA rubbing. Afterwards, these discs (N = 18) were exposed in vitro to new bacterial adhesion with Streptococcus sanguinis. New discs (N = 18) without biofilm were exposed to the treatments and subjected to electrochemical tests and surface characterization. Data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD test. Results The CA groups showed a significant reduction (≈ 5‐log reduction) in the biofilm formed in situ compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.05), but no difference was found between CA application methods (p = 0.680). The acid treatment did not favor the recolonization of bacteria (p = 0.629). CA treatment did not influence the polarization resistance and capacitance of the oxide film, but statistically enhanced the electrochemical stability of titanium. Conclusion Citric acid appears to be an effective clinical alternative for treatment of the main etiologic factor in dental implant failure, biofilm formation, enhancing electrochemical behavior of titanium.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pmid>30088827</pmid><doi>10.1002/JPER.18-0178</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects biofilms
citric acid
corrosion
Dentistry
titanium
title Citric acid reduces oral biofilm and influences the electrochemical behavior of titanium: An in situ and in vitro study
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