Structures, Functions, and Dynamics of ESCRT-III Vps4 Membrane Remodeling and Fission Complexes

The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway mediates cellular membrane remodeling and fission reactions. The pathway comprises five core complexes: ALIX, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, ESCRT-III, and Vps4. These soluble complexes are typically recruited to target membranes by site-spe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of cell and developmental biology 2018-10, Vol.34 (1), p.85-109
Main Authors: McCullough, John, Frost, Adam, Sundquist, Wesley I
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
AAA ATPase
ESCRT pathway
ESCRT-III
membrane fission
membrane remodeling
Vps4
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Summary:The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway mediates cellular membrane remodeling and fission reactions. The pathway comprises five core complexes: ALIX, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, ESCRT-III, and Vps4. These soluble complexes are typically recruited to target membranes by site-specific adaptors that bind one or both of the early-acting ESCRT factors: ALIX and ESCRT-I ESCRT-II. These factors, in turn, nucleate assembly of ESCRT-III subunits into membrane-bound filaments that recruit the AAA ATPase Vps4. Together, ESCRT-III filaments and Vps4 remodel and sever membranes. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the structures, activities, and mechanisms of the ESCRT-III and Vps4 machinery, including the first high-resolution structures of ESCRT-III filaments, the assembled Vps4 enzyme in complex with an ESCRT-III substrate, the discovery that ESCRT-III Vps4 complexes can promote both inside-out and outside-in membrane fission reactions, and emerging mechanistic models for ESCRT-mediated membrane fission.
ISSN:1081-0706
1530-8995
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060600