PAM identification by CRISPR-Cas effector complexes: diversified mechanisms and structures

Adaptive immunity of prokaryotes is mediated by CRISPR-Cas systems that employ a large variety of Cas protein effectors to identify and destroy foreign genetic material. The different targeting mechanisms of Cas proteins rely on the proper protection of the host genome sequence while allowing for ef...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:RNA biology 2019-04, Vol.16 (4), p.504-517
Main Authors: Gleditzsch, Daniel, Pausch, Patrick, Müller-Esparza, Hanna, Özcan, Ahsen, Guo, Xiaohan, Bange, Gert, Randau, Lennart
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adaptive immunity
Cas proteins
CRISPR
CRISPR-Cas systems
DNA
DNA recognition
nucleotide sequences
PAM
prokaryotic cells
proteins
Review
ribonucleoproteins
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Adaptive immunity of prokaryotes is mediated by CRISPR-Cas systems that employ a large variety of Cas protein effectors to identify and destroy foreign genetic material. The different targeting mechanisms of Cas proteins rely on the proper protection of the host genome sequence while allowing for efficient detection of target sequences, termed protospacers. A short DNA sequence, the protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM), is frequently used to mark proper target sites. Cas proteins have evolved a multitude of PAM-interacting domains, which enables them to cope with viral anti-CRISPR measures that alter the sequence or accessibility of PAM elements. In this review, we summarize known PAM recognition strategies for all CRISPR-Cas types. Available structures of target bound Cas protein effector complexes highlight the diversity of mechanisms and domain architectures that are employed to guarantee target specificity.
ISSN:1547-6286
1555-8584
1555-8584
DOI:10.1080/15476286.2018.1504546