Contamination status of persistent organochlorines in human breast milk from Japan: Recent levels and temporal trend

Contamination levels of persistent organochlorines (OCs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and chlordane compounds (CH...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Chemosphere (Oxford) 2006-08, Vol.64 (9), p.1601-1608
Main Authors: Kunisue, Tatsuya, Muraoka, Masayoshi, Ohtake, Masako, Sudaryanto, Agus, Minh, Nguyen Hung, Ueno, Daisuke, Higaki, Yumi, Ochi, Miyuki, Tsydenova, Oyuna, Kamikawa, Satoko, Tonegi, Tomoyuki, Nakamura, Yumi, Shimomura, Hiroshi, Nagayama, Junya, Tanabe, Shinsuke
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
bioaccumulation
Biological and medical sciences
breast milk
chemical residues
chlordane
DDT (pesticide)
dietary exposure
Dioxins
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Pollutants - analysis
Environmental pollutants toxicology
Female
General aspects
HCH (pesticide)
hexachlorobenzene
Human breast milk
human food chain
Humans
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis
insecticide residues
Japan
longitudinal studies
Medical sciences
Milk, Human - chemistry
organochlorine compounds
Organochlorines
pesticide residues
Toxicology
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Summary:Contamination levels of persistent organochlorines (OCs) such as polychlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and chlordane compounds (CHLs) was examined in human breast milk collected during 2001–2004 from Fukuoka prefecture in Japan. The concentrations of OCs such as dioxins and related compounds, DDTs, CHLs and HCB in human breast milk from primiparae were comparable to or slightly higher than the data obtained during 1998, indicating that the levels of these contaminants in Japanese human breast milk have not decreased since 1998 and Japanese are continuously exposed to these chemicals, presumably via fish intake. In addition, OC levels in human breast milk from primiparae were significantly higher than those from multiparae, implying elimination of OCs via lactation. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were observed between levels of OCs in human breast milk and the age of primiparae. These results indicate that the mothers with higher age may transfer higher amounts of OCs to the first infant than to the infants born afterwards through breast-feeding, and hence the first born children might be at higher risk by OCs.
ISSN:0045-6535
1879-1298
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.010