Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms of the central nervous system

Subtypes of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are constructed from numerous subunit combinations that compose channel-receptor complexes with varied functional and pharmacological characteristics. Structural and functional diversity and the broad presynaptic, postsynaptic, and nons...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology 2007-01, Vol.47 (1), p.699-729
Main Authors: DANI, John A, BERTRAND, Daniel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Alzheimer Disease - physiopathology
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Brain - physiology
Brain - physiopathology
Cell receptors
Cell structures and functions
Drug addictions
Epilepsy - physiopathology
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Headache. Facial pains. Syncopes. Epilepsia. Intracranial hypertension. Brain oedema. Cerebral palsy
Humans
Medical sciences
Memory - physiology
Molecular and cellular biology
Monoamines receptors (catecholamine, serotonine, histamine, acetylcholine)
Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes)
Neurology
Neurotransmitter Agents - physiology
Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Receptors, Nicotinic - physiology
Substance-Related Disorders - physiopathology
Toxicology
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Summary:Subtypes of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are constructed from numerous subunit combinations that compose channel-receptor complexes with varied functional and pharmacological characteristics. Structural and functional diversity and the broad presynaptic, postsynaptic, and nonsynaptic locations of nAChRs underlie their mainly modulatory roles throughout the mammalian brain. Presynaptic and preterminal nicotinic receptors enhance neurotransmitter release, postsynaptic nAChRs contribute a small minority of fast excitatory transmission, and nonsynaptic nAChRs modulate many neurotransmitter systems by influencing neuronal excitability. Nicotinic receptors have roles in development and synaptic plasticity, and nicotinic mechanisms participate in learning, memory, and attention. Decline, disruption, or alterations of nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms contribute to dysfunctions such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, autism, dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease, and addiction.
ISSN:0362-1642
1545-4304
DOI:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.47.120505.105214