The study of the serum level of IL‐4, TGF‐β, IFN‐γ, and IL‐6 in overweight patients with and without diabetes mellitus and hypertension

• Published in: Journal of cellular biochemistry 2019-03, Vol.120 (3), p.4147-4157
• Main Authors: Asadikaram, Gholamreza, Ram, Maryam, Izadi, Alireza, Sheikh Fathollahi, Mahmood, Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi, Najafipour, Hamid, Shahoozehi, Bidollah, Mirhoseini, Mahboobeh, Masoumi, Mohammad, Shahrokhi, Nader, Arababadi, Mohammad Kazemi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use; Body weight; cytokine; Cytokines; Cytotoxicity; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology; Growth factors; Health risks; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension - blood; Hypertension - complications; Hypertension - drug therapy; Hypertension - pathology; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; immune system; Inflammation; Interferon; Interferon-gamma - blood; Interleukin-4 - blood; Interleukin-6 - blood; Interleukins; Lymphocytes T; Male; Men; Middle Aged; obesity; Obesity - blood; Obesity - complications; Overweight; Pathogenesis; Patients; Serum levels; Transforming growth factor; Transforming Growth Factor beta - blood; Transforming growth factor-b
• ISSN: 0730-2312; 1097-4644
• DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27700

Background Obesity increases the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. We aimed to analyze the serum levels of cytokines that have relevance to the pathologies including, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), and IL‐6 cytokines of overweight men with DM and/or hypertension. Methods The study collected serum from 164 men. The sample population contained, 54 overweight men without DM or hypertension (control [CTL] group), 36 men with both DM and hypertension (DH group), 20 men with DM but no hypertension (D group), and 54 had hypertension without DM (H). Results The main results showed that the concentration of IFN‐γ in the DH group was significantly higher than the D, H, and CTL groups, IL‐6 in DH and D groups was significantly lower than the CTL group. The serum level of TGF‐β and IL‐4 cytokines did not show any significant differences across the four groups. Serum levels of IL‐6 were also significantly lower in untreated patients in D group than controls and in DH when compared with H groups. Conclusion In conclusion, it appears that the proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines either play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and DM or serve as markers for these pathologies. Accordingly, increased serum levels of IFN‐γ may participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension in the diabetic patients and decreased IL‐6 is associated with type 2 DM. •Obesity increases the risk of diabetes (D) and hypertension in cytokines dependent manners. •Interferon‐γ in diabetes/hypertension (DH) patients is significantly higher than D, H, and controls (CTL). DH and D have lower interleukin‐6 than CTL. It is also lower in untreated cases in D group than CTL and in DH than H. Transforming growth factor β is higher in the treated than untreated patients in DH group. •It seems that cytokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in diabetes.