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The study of the serum level of IL‐4, TGF‐β, IFN‐γ, and IL‐6 in overweight patients with and without diabetes mellitus and hypertension

Background Obesity increases the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. We aimed to analyze the serum levels of cytokines that have relevance to the pathologies including, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), and IL‐6 cytokines of overweight men...

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Published in:Journal of cellular biochemistry 2019-03, Vol.120 (3), p.4147-4157
Main Authors: Asadikaram, Gholamreza, Ram, Maryam, Izadi, Alireza, Sheikh Fathollahi, Mahmood, Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi, Najafipour, Hamid, Shahoozehi, Bidollah, Mirhoseini, Mahboobeh, Masoumi, Mohammad, Shahrokhi, Nader, Arababadi, Mohammad Kazemi
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container_title Journal of cellular biochemistry
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creator Asadikaram, Gholamreza
Ram, Maryam
Izadi, Alireza
Sheikh Fathollahi, Mahmood
Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi
Najafipour, Hamid
Shahoozehi, Bidollah
Mirhoseini, Mahboobeh
Masoumi, Mohammad
Shahrokhi, Nader
Arababadi, Mohammad Kazemi
description Background Obesity increases the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. We aimed to analyze the serum levels of cytokines that have relevance to the pathologies including, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), and IL‐6 cytokines of overweight men with DM and/or hypertension. Methods The study collected serum from 164 men. The sample population contained, 54 overweight men without DM or hypertension (control [CTL] group), 36 men with both DM and hypertension (DH group), 20 men with DM but no hypertension (D group), and 54 had hypertension without DM (H). Results The main results showed that the concentration of IFN‐γ in the DH group was significantly higher than the D, H, and CTL groups, IL‐6 in DH and D groups was significantly lower than the CTL group. The serum level of TGF‐β and IL‐4 cytokines did not show any significant differences across the four groups. Serum levels of IL‐6 were also significantly lower in untreated patients in D group than controls and in DH when compared with H groups. Conclusion In conclusion, it appears that the proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines either play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and DM or serve as markers for these pathologies. Accordingly, increased serum levels of IFN‐γ may participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension in the diabetic patients and decreased IL‐6 is associated with type 2 DM. •Obesity increases the risk of diabetes (D) and hypertension in cytokines dependent manners. •Interferon‐γ in diabetes/hypertension (DH) patients is significantly higher than D, H, and controls (CTL). DH and D have lower interleukin‐6 than CTL. It is also lower in untreated cases in D group than CTL and in DH than H. Transforming growth factor β is higher in the treated than untreated patients in DH group. •It seems that cytokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in diabetes.
doi_str_mv 10.1002/jcb.27700
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We aimed to analyze the serum levels of cytokines that have relevance to the pathologies including, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), and IL‐6 cytokines of overweight men with DM and/or hypertension. Methods The study collected serum from 164 men. The sample population contained, 54 overweight men without DM or hypertension (control [CTL] group), 36 men with both DM and hypertension (DH group), 20 men with DM but no hypertension (D group), and 54 had hypertension without DM (H). Results The main results showed that the concentration of IFN‐γ in the DH group was significantly higher than the D, H, and CTL groups, IL‐6 in DH and D groups was significantly lower than the CTL group. The serum level of TGF‐β and IL‐4 cytokines did not show any significant differences across the four groups. Serum levels of IL‐6 were also significantly lower in untreated patients in D group than controls and in DH when compared with H groups. Conclusion In conclusion, it appears that the proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines either play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and DM or serve as markers for these pathologies. Accordingly, increased serum levels of IFN‐γ may participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension in the diabetic patients and decreased IL‐6 is associated with type 2 DM. •Obesity increases the risk of diabetes (D) and hypertension in cytokines dependent manners. •Interferon‐γ in diabetes/hypertension (DH) patients is significantly higher than D, H, and controls (CTL). DH and D have lower interleukin‐6 than CTL. It is also lower in untreated cases in D group than CTL and in DH than H. Transforming growth factor β is higher in the treated than untreated patients in DH group. •It seems that cytokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in diabetes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0730-2312</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1097-4644</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27700</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30260038</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use ; Body weight ; cytokine ; Cytokines ; Cytotoxicity ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology ; Growth factors ; Health risks ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension - blood ; Hypertension - complications ; Hypertension - drug therapy ; Hypertension - pathology ; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use ; immune system ; Inflammation ; Interferon ; Interferon-gamma - blood ; Interleukin-4 - blood ; Interleukin-6 - blood ; Interleukins ; Lymphocytes T ; Male ; Men ; Middle Aged ; obesity ; Obesity - blood ; Obesity - complications ; Overweight ; Pathogenesis ; Patients ; Serum levels ; Transforming growth factor ; Transforming Growth Factor beta - blood ; Transforming growth factor-b</subject><ispartof>Journal of cellular biochemistry, 2019-03, Vol.120 (3), p.4147-4157</ispartof><rights>2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><rights>2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3530-eedf07bc029ee60529a943876a670ac986ce59daeec2cf958f9120c754fc560c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3530-eedf07bc029ee60529a943876a670ac986ce59daeec2cf958f9120c754fc560c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30260038$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Asadikaram, Gholamreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ram, Maryam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Izadi, Alireza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheikh Fathollahi, Mahmood</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Najafipour, Hamid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahoozehi, Bidollah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mirhoseini, Mahboobeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masoumi, Mohammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahrokhi, Nader</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arababadi, Mohammad Kazemi</creatorcontrib><title>The study of the serum level of IL‐4, TGF‐β, IFN‐γ, and IL‐6 in overweight patients with and without diabetes mellitus and hypertension</title><title>Journal of cellular biochemistry</title><addtitle>J Cell Biochem</addtitle><description>Background Obesity increases the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. We aimed to analyze the serum levels of cytokines that have relevance to the pathologies including, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), and IL‐6 cytokines of overweight men with DM and/or hypertension. Methods The study collected serum from 164 men. The sample population contained, 54 overweight men without DM or hypertension (control [CTL] group), 36 men with both DM and hypertension (DH group), 20 men with DM but no hypertension (D group), and 54 had hypertension without DM (H). Results The main results showed that the concentration of IFN‐γ in the DH group was significantly higher than the D, H, and CTL groups, IL‐6 in DH and D groups was significantly lower than the CTL group. The serum level of TGF‐β and IL‐4 cytokines did not show any significant differences across the four groups. Serum levels of IL‐6 were also significantly lower in untreated patients in D group than controls and in DH when compared with H groups. Conclusion In conclusion, it appears that the proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines either play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and DM or serve as markers for these pathologies. Accordingly, increased serum levels of IFN‐γ may participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension in the diabetic patients and decreased IL‐6 is associated with type 2 DM. •Obesity increases the risk of diabetes (D) and hypertension in cytokines dependent manners. •Interferon‐γ in diabetes/hypertension (DH) patients is significantly higher than D, H, and controls (CTL). DH and D have lower interleukin‐6 than CTL. It is also lower in untreated cases in D group than CTL and in DH than H. Transforming growth factor β is higher in the treated than untreated patients in DH group. •It seems that cytokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in diabetes.</description><subject>Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>cytokine</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology</subject><subject>Growth factors</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Hypertension - blood</subject><subject>Hypertension - complications</subject><subject>Hypertension - drug therapy</subject><subject>Hypertension - pathology</subject><subject>Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use</subject><subject>immune system</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Interferon</subject><subject>Interferon-gamma - blood</subject><subject>Interleukin-4 - blood</subject><subject>Interleukin-6 - blood</subject><subject>Interleukins</subject><subject>Lymphocytes T</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - blood</subject><subject>Obesity - complications</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Serum levels</subject><subject>Transforming growth factor</subject><subject>Transforming Growth Factor beta - blood</subject><subject>Transforming growth factor-b</subject><issn>0730-2312</issn><issn>1097-4644</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kc9uEzEQxi1UREPhwAtUlnoBKWnH9u46PkJESlBULuG8cryzxNH-SW1vo9x4BHgVeA8egifBmy09VOppvvH89M1YHyFvGFwyAH61NetLLiXAMzJioOQkyZLkhIxACphwwfgpeen9FgCUEvwFORXAMwAxHZGfqw1SH7riQNuShr5B19W0wjus-qfF8u_3H8mYrq7nUfz5NaaL-U2vfo-pbophnlHb0PYO3R7tt02gOx0sNsHTvQ2bI9aLtgu0sHqNAT2tsaps6Pxxujns0AVsvG2bV-R5qSuPr-_rGfk6_7iafZosv1wvZu-XEyPS-C3EogS5NsAVYgYpV1olYioznUnQRk0zg6kqNKLhplTptFSMg5FpUpo0AyPOyNvBd-fa2w59yGvrTbxKN9h2PueMCS5TxlVELx6h27ZzTbwuUnFd9GNppN4NlHGt9w7LfOdsrd0hZ5D3OeUxp_yYU2TP7x27dY3FA_k_mAhcDcDeVnh42in_PPswWP4D3S6gWA</recordid><startdate>201903</startdate><enddate>201903</enddate><creator>Asadikaram, Gholamreza</creator><creator>Ram, Maryam</creator><creator>Izadi, Alireza</creator><creator>Sheikh Fathollahi, Mahmood</creator><creator>Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi</creator><creator>Najafipour, Hamid</creator><creator>Shahoozehi, Bidollah</creator><creator>Mirhoseini, Mahboobeh</creator><creator>Masoumi, Mohammad</creator><creator>Shahrokhi, Nader</creator><creator>Arababadi, Mohammad Kazemi</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201903</creationdate><title>The study of the serum level of IL‐4, TGF‐β, IFN‐γ, and IL‐6 in overweight patients with and without diabetes mellitus and hypertension</title><author>Asadikaram, Gholamreza ; Ram, Maryam ; Izadi, Alireza ; Sheikh Fathollahi, Mahmood ; Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi ; Najafipour, Hamid ; Shahoozehi, Bidollah ; Mirhoseini, Mahboobeh ; Masoumi, Mohammad ; Shahrokhi, Nader ; Arababadi, Mohammad Kazemi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3530-eedf07bc029ee60529a943876a670ac986ce59daeec2cf958f9120c754fc560c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>cytokine</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology</topic><topic>Growth factors</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Hypertension - blood</topic><topic>Hypertension - complications</topic><topic>Hypertension - drug therapy</topic><topic>Hypertension - pathology</topic><topic>Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use</topic><topic>immune system</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Interferon</topic><topic>Interferon-gamma - blood</topic><topic>Interleukin-4 - blood</topic><topic>Interleukin-6 - blood</topic><topic>Interleukins</topic><topic>Lymphocytes T</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Men</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>obesity</topic><topic>Obesity - blood</topic><topic>Obesity - complications</topic><topic>Overweight</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Serum levels</topic><topic>Transforming growth factor</topic><topic>Transforming Growth Factor beta - blood</topic><topic>Transforming growth factor-b</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Asadikaram, Gholamreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ram, Maryam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Izadi, Alireza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheikh Fathollahi, Mahmood</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nematollahi, Mohammad Hadi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Najafipour, Hamid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahoozehi, Bidollah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mirhoseini, Mahboobeh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Masoumi, Mohammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahrokhi, Nader</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arababadi, Mohammad Kazemi</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; 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We aimed to analyze the serum levels of cytokines that have relevance to the pathologies including, interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), and IL‐6 cytokines of overweight men with DM and/or hypertension. Methods The study collected serum from 164 men. The sample population contained, 54 overweight men without DM or hypertension (control [CTL] group), 36 men with both DM and hypertension (DH group), 20 men with DM but no hypertension (D group), and 54 had hypertension without DM (H). Results The main results showed that the concentration of IFN‐γ in the DH group was significantly higher than the D, H, and CTL groups, IL‐6 in DH and D groups was significantly lower than the CTL group. The serum level of TGF‐β and IL‐4 cytokines did not show any significant differences across the four groups. Serum levels of IL‐6 were also significantly lower in untreated patients in D group than controls and in DH when compared with H groups. Conclusion In conclusion, it appears that the proinflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines either play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension and DM or serve as markers for these pathologies. Accordingly, increased serum levels of IFN‐γ may participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension in the diabetic patients and decreased IL‐6 is associated with type 2 DM. •Obesity increases the risk of diabetes (D) and hypertension in cytokines dependent manners. •Interferon‐γ in diabetes/hypertension (DH) patients is significantly higher than D, H, and controls (CTL). DH and D have lower interleukin‐6 than CTL. It is also lower in untreated cases in D group than CTL and in DH than H. Transforming growth factor β is higher in the treated than untreated patients in DH group. •It seems that cytokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in diabetes.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>30260038</pmid><doi>10.1002/jcb.27700</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Antihypertensive Agents - therapeutic use
Body weight
cytokine
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - pathology
Growth factors
Health risks
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - blood
Hypertension - complications
Hypertension - drug therapy
Hypertension - pathology
Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use
immune system
Inflammation
Interferon
Interferon-gamma - blood
Interleukin-4 - blood
Interleukin-6 - blood
Interleukins
Lymphocytes T
Male
Men
Middle Aged
obesity
Obesity - blood
Obesity - complications
Overweight
Pathogenesis
Patients
Serum levels
Transforming growth factor
Transforming Growth Factor beta - blood
Transforming growth factor-b
title The study of the serum level of IL‐4, TGF‐β, IFN‐γ, and IL‐6 in overweight patients with and without diabetes mellitus and hypertension
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