Molecular Mechanisms of Cisplatin Chemoresistance and Its Circumventing in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

Purpose of Review Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most common solid tumors affecting young men. Majority of TGCTs respond well to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, patients with refractory disease have limited treatment modalities associated with poor prognosis. Here, we discu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Current oncology reports 2018-11, Vol.20 (11), p.88-12, Article 88
Main Authors: Schmidtova, Silvia, Kalavska, Katarina, Kucerova, Lucia
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chemoresistance
Chemotherapy
Cisplatin
Epigenetics
Genitourinary Cancers (DP Petrylak and JW Kim
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Molecular modelling
Oncology
Patients
Platinum
Section Editors
Solid tumors
Testes
Topical Collection on Genitourinary Cancers
Tumors
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Summary:Purpose of Review Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most common solid tumors affecting young men. Majority of TGCTs respond well to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, patients with refractory disease have limited treatment modalities associated with poor prognosis. Here, we discuss the main molecular mechanisms associated with acquired cisplatin resistance in TGCTs and how their understanding might help in the development of new approaches to tackle this clinically relevant problem. We also discuss recent data on the strategies of circumventing the cisplatin resistance from different tumor types potentially efficient also in TGCTs. Recent Findings Recent data regarding deregulation of various signaling pathways as well as genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in cisplatin-resistant TGCTs have contributed to understanding of the mechanisms related to the resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in these tumors. Understanding of these mechanisms enabled explaining why majority but not all TGCTs patients are curable with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Moreover, it could lead to the development of more effective treatment of refractory TGCTs and potentially other solid tumors resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy. Summary This review provides additional insights into mechanisms associated with cisplatin resistance in TGCTs, which is a complex phenomenon, and there is a need for novel modalities to overcome it.
ISSN:1523-3790
1534-6269
DOI:10.1007/s11912-018-0730-x