Managing soil fertility and health for quinoa production and weed control in organic systems

• Published in: Soil & tillage research 2018-12, Vol.184, p.52-61
• Main Authors: Buckland, K.R., Reeve, J.R., Creech, J. Earl, Durham, Susan L.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: alternative crops; biomass production; Compost; composts; cover crops; heat tolerance; Inter-crop; microbial biomass; nitrogen; phosphorus; quinoa; seed yield; soil; soil fertility; soil quality; tillage; weed control; Western United States
• ISSN: 0167-1987
• DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2018.07.001

•Three cropping systems were compared for effects on soil indicators and yield.•Compost application increased yield and improved soil health measures.•Effects of cropping systems on soil health were limited.•Per harvest area, strip-cropped quinoa had highest yield but LER yielded highest with tillage.•Quinoa heat-intolerance remains obstacle to large scale production. Quinoa (Chenpodium quinoa Willd.) could provide a high value crop for organic cropping systems in the Intermountain Western US. This study evaluated quinoa in three cover cropping systems [strip crop (SC), undersown clover (UC), or winter cover crop and tillage (T)] with and without compost (+C or −C) in a split-plot with blocks design. Quinoa produced no seed in 2013 and limited seed in 2014, likely due to excessive temperatures during flowering. Compost increased seed yield in 2014, and in both years, increased total biomass and improved soil health measures. Seed and biomass yield was greater in T than UC on a land-equivalent basis but SC was greatest on a per harvest area basis. Cropping system effects on soil health measures were minimal. However, microbial biomass increased in all systems over time, yet was diminished in the tillage system. Quinoa may be an alternative crop for organic systems provided sufficient nitrogen and phosphorous fertility is available, and yields can be stabilized by identifying heat tolerant varieties before widespread adoption of this crop is feasible.