Community structure and fibrolytic activities of anaerobic rumen fungi in dromedary camels

Anaerobic fungi colonize the rumen and degrade cellulose and hemicellulose, which enable them to be key players in the lignocellulose fermentation. Consequently, an expansion of knowledge about rumen fungi could increase animal productivity, utilization of lignified forages like alfalfa hay, and enh...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of basic microbiology 2019-01, Vol.59 (1), p.101-110
Main Authors: Rabee, Alaa. E., Forster, Robert J., Elekwachi, Chijioke O., Kewan, Kkaled Z., Sabra, Ebrahim A., Shawket, Safinaze M., Mahrous, Hoda A., Khamiss, Omaima A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
anaerobic fungi
Animal Feed - microbiology
Animals
Biodiversity
camel gut
Camelus - microbiology
cellulase
Cellulase - metabolism
Cellulose - biosynthesis
Dietary Fiber - metabolism
diversity
DNA, Fungal - analysis
Egypt
Feces - microbiology
Fermentation
Fungi - classification
Fungi - enzymology
Fungi - genetics
Fungi - metabolism
ITS1‐clone library
Lignin - metabolism
Male
Medicago sativa
Microbiota
Phylogeny
Polysaccharides - metabolism
Rumen - microbiology
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Triticum
xylanase
Xylosidases - biosynthesis
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Summary:Anaerobic fungi colonize the rumen and degrade cellulose and hemicellulose, which enable them to be key players in the lignocellulose fermentation. Consequently, an expansion of knowledge about rumen fungi could increase animal productivity, utilization of lignified forages like alfalfa hay, and enhance fibrolytic enzymes production. Here, we used an Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) clone library to investigate the anaerobic rumen fungi in camel and to investigate their ability to produce cellulase and xylanase in vitro. Rumen fluid was collected from camels fed Egyptian clover (n = 14), and wheat straw (n = 7) and fecal samples were collected from camels fed wheat straw and concentrates (n = 5), or natural grazing plants (n = 10). Neocallimastix and Cyllamyces were the most abundant anaerobic fungi in all camel groups. An anaerobic rumen fungi media containing alfalfa hay as a carbon source was inoculated by rumen and fecal samples to assess the ability of anaerobic rumen fungi in camel gut to produce cellulase and xylanase. The anaerobic gut fungi in the camel is diverse and has cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities, fungal culture from rumen samples of camel fed wheat straw (R2) exhibited highest cellulase production. In addition, many of the sequences in the current study have no equivalent cultured representative, indicating a novel diversity within the camel gut.
ISSN:0233-111X
1521-4028
DOI:10.1002/jobm.201800323