NaCl promotes antibiotic resistance by reducing redox states in Vibrio alginolyticus

Summary The development of antibiotic resistance in Vibrio alginolyticus represents a threat to human health and fish farming. Environmental NaCl regulation of bacterial physiology is well documented, but whether the regulation contributes to antibiotic resistance remains unknown. To explore this, w...

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Published in:Environmental microbiology 2018-11, Vol.20 (11), p.4022-4036
Main Authors: Yang, Jun, Zeng, Zao‐Hai, Yang, Man‐Jun, Cheng, Zhi‐Xue, Peng, Xuan‐Xian, Li, Hui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aminoglycoside antibiotics
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Aquaculture
ATP
Bacterial physiology
Disease resistance
Drug resistance
Environmental regulations
Fish
Fish culture
Fish farms
Gentamicin
Health risks
Intermediates
Intracellular
Metabolomics
Minimum inhibitory concentration
NADH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Oxidoreductions
Protonmotive force
Pyruvic acid
Redox properties
Sodium chloride
Vibrio alginolyticus
Waterborne diseases
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Summary:Summary The development of antibiotic resistance in Vibrio alginolyticus represents a threat to human health and fish farming. Environmental NaCl regulation of bacterial physiology is well documented, but whether the regulation contributes to antibiotic resistance remains unknown. To explore this, we compared minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of V. alginolyticus cultured in different media with 0.5%–10% NaCl, and found that the MIC increased as the NaCl concentration increased, especially for aminoglycoside antibiotics. Consistent with this finding, internal NaCl also increased, while intracellular gentamicin level decreased. GC–MS‐based metabolomics showed different distributions of pyruvate cycle intermediates among 0.5%, 4% and 10% NaCl. Differential activity of enzymes in the pyruvate cycle and altered expression of Na(+)‐NQR led to a reducing redox state, characterized by decreased levels of NADH, proton motive force (PMF) and ATP. Meanwhile, NaCl negatively regulated PMF as a consequence of the reducing redox state. These together are responsible for the decreased intracellular gentamicin level with the increased external level of NaCl. Our study reveals a previously unknown redox state‐dependent mechanism regulated by NaCl in V. alginolyticus that impacts antibiotic resistance.
ISSN:1462-2912
1462-2920
DOI:10.1111/1462-2920.14443