Oculo‐visual abnormalities in Parkinson's disease: Possible value as biomarkers

ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and the second leading cause of dementia worldwide. With an aging population, the prevalence of the disease has dramatically increased. Clinical management has advanced through recent developments in dopamin...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Movement disorders 2018-09, Vol.33 (9), p.1390-1406
Main Authors: Guo, Li, Normando, Eduardo M., Shah, Parth Arvind, De Groef, Lies, Cordeiro, M. Francesca
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aging
Biomarkers
Dementia disorders
Diagnosis
Dopamine
Dopamine receptors
in vivo imaging
Movement disorders
Neurodegeneration
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neuroimaging
Parkinson's disease
Posture
Retina
Synuclein
Tremor
vision
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Summary:ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and the second leading cause of dementia worldwide. With an aging population, the prevalence of the disease has dramatically increased. Clinical management has advanced through recent developments in dopaminergic imaging and genetic risk profiling. However, early and accurate diagnosis of the disorder remains a challenge, largely because of the lack of noninvasive and inexpensive reliable diagnostic tests. Besides the well‐studied cerebral neurodegeneration that underlies the cardinal symptoms of PD (ie, bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and postural instability), ocular changes have also been described in PD, including visual dysfunction, pupil abnormality, lens opacity, and retinal neuronal loss and dysfunction. These ocular pathological processes are related to α‐synuclein deposition, and dopamine deficiency in the retina—mirroring the defining pathological features of PD in the brain. Together, these observations support the notion that the eye can serve as a window to the brain, providing clinicians with noninvasive methods to visualize disease. This review focuses on recent advances in the characterization of ocular changes in PD and their promising use as biomarkers in the eye, which can be potentially used for aiding in early diagnosis, tracking disease progression, and valuating novel therapeutic strategies. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
ISSN:0885-3185
1531-8257
DOI:10.1002/mds.27454