Biological interactions of a calcium silicate based cement (Biodentine™) with Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth

• Published in: Dental materials 2018-12, Vol.34 (12), p.1797-1813
• Main Authors: Athanasiadou, Eirini, Paschalidou, Maria, Theocharidou, Anna, Kontoudakis, Nikolaos, Arapostathis, Konstantinos, Bakopoulou, Athina
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alizarin; Biocompatibility; Biomedical materials; Biomineralization; Calcium; Calcium silicate based cements; Calcium silicates; Cbfa-1 protein; Cell culture; Cell proliferation; Children; Dental cement; Dental health; Dental pulp; Dentistry; Differentiation; Dilution; Elemental release/uptake; Elution; Fluorescence; Gene expression; Inductively coupled plasma; Magnesium; Mineralization; Odontogenic differentiation; Optical emission spectroscopy; Pediatrics; Phenotypes; Physical characteristics; Scanning electron microscopy; Scanning transmission electron microscopy; SHED; Silicon; Spectrometry; Staining; Statistical analysis; Stem cells; Teeth; Time dependence; Viability
• ISSN: 0109-5641; 1879-0097
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.09.014

•Biodentine™ favors SHED attachment and viability/proliferation.•Biodentine™ interacts through ion exchange with the cellular microenvironment.•Biodentine™ triggers SHED odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization.•There is a strict concentration-dependence of Biodentine™ biological effects.•Biodentine™ absorbs Ca, Mg and P ions from culture medium and releases Si and Sr. To investigate the biological interactions of a calcium silicate based cement (Biodentine™) with Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHED), focusing on viability/proliferation, odontogenic differentiation, biomineralization and elemental release/exchange. Biodentine™ specimens were used directly or for eluate preparation at serial dilutions (1:1–1:64). SHED cultures were established from deciduous teeth of healthy children. Viability/proliferation and morphological characteristics were evaluated by live/dead fluorescent staining, MTT assay and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Odontogenic differentiation by qRT-PCR, biomineralization by Alizarin red S staining, while ion elution by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). SHED effectively attached within the crystalline surface of Biodentine™ specimens acquiring a spindle-shaped phenotype. Statistically significant stimulation of cell proliferation was induced at day 3 by eluates in dilutions from 1:16 to 1:64. Differential, concentration- and time-dependent expression patterns of odontogenic genes were observed under non-inductive and inductive (osteogenic) conditions, with significant up-regulation of DSPP and Runx2 at higher dilutions and a peak in expression of BMP-2, BGLAP and MSX-2 at 1:8 dilution on day 7. Progressive increase in mineralized tissue formation was observed with increasing dilutions of Biodentine™ eluates. ICP-OES indicated that Biodentine™ absorbed Ca, Mg and P ions from culture medium, while releasing Si and Sr ions from its backbone. Biodentine™ interacts through elemental release/uptake with the cellular microenvironment, triggering odontogenic differentiation and biomineralization in a concentration-dependent manner. These results reveal a promising strategy for application of the calcium silicate based cement (Biodentine™) for vital pulp therapies of deciduous teeth in Paediatric Dentistry.