Tailor-Made Poly(amidoamine)s for Controlled Complexation and Condensation of DNA

• Published in: Chemistry : a European journal 2008-02, Vol.14 (7), p.2025-2033
• Main Authors: Hartmann, Laura, Häfele, Stefanie, Peschka-Süss, Regine, Antonietti, Markus, Börner, Hans G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Cell Survival - drug effects; Cercopithecus aethiops; COS Cells; DNA - chemistry; DNA - pharmacology; DNA packing; Drug Carriers - chemistry; Drug Carriers - pharmacokinetics; Drug Carriers - pharmacology; drug delivery; gene delivery; Molecular Structure; Particle Size; peptidomimetics; Polyamines - chemistry; Polyamines - pharmacology; Polyethylene Glycols - chemistry; Polyethylene Glycols - pharmacology; polymers; polyplex; Toxicity Tests, Acute
• ISSN: 0947-6539; 1521-3765
• DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701223

A set of polymer carriers for DNA delivery was synthesized by combining monodisperse, sequence‐defined poly(amidoamine) (PAA) segments with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blocks. The precise definition of the PAA segments provides the possibility of correlating the chemical structure (monomer sequence) with the resulting biological properties. Three different PAA–PEO conjugates were synthesized by solid‐phase supported synthesis, and the cationic nature of the PAA segments was systematically varied. This allows for the tailoring of interactions with double‐stranded plasmid DNA (dsDNA). The potential of the PAA–PEO conjugates as non‐viral vectors for gene delivery is demonstrated by investigating the dsDNA complexation and condensation properties. Depending on the applied carrier, a transition in polyplex (polymer–DNA ion complex) structures is observed. This reaches from extended ring‐like structures to highly compact toroidal structures, where supercoiling of the DNA is induced. An aggregation model is proposed that is based on structural investigations of the polyplexes with atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). While the cationic PAA segment mediates primarily the contact of the carrier to the dsDNA, the PEO block stabilizes the polyplex and generates a “stealth” aggregate, as was suggested by Zeta potentials that were close to zero. The controlled aggregation leads to stable, single‐plasmid complexes, and stabilizes the DNA structure itself. This is shown by ethidium bromide intercalation assays and DNase digestion assays. The presented PAA–PEO systems allow for the formation of well‐defined single‐plasmid polyplexes, preventing hard DNA compression and strongly polydisperse polyplexes. Moreover carrier polymers and the resulting polyplexes exhibit no cytotoxicity, as was shown by viability tests; this makes the carriers potentially suitable for in vivo delivery applications. Controlled DNA complexation with new carrier systems that are based on monodisperse, sequence‐defined poly(amidoamines) (PAA) are reported. A set of polymer carriers for DNA delivery is synthesized by combining monodisperse, sequence‐defined, poly(amidoamine) segments with poly(ethylene oxide) blocks; this enables a controlled compression of double‐strand plasmid DNA and a direct correlation of the chemical PAA‐structure (monomer sequence) with the resulting biological properties of the carrier.