Local adaptation of phenology revealed in outcrosses between spawning segments of a salmonid population

Local adaptation has been demonstrated in spatially or temporally distant animal populations but seldom in proximate populations. To address the scale of local adaptation in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), two generations of hybrids between temporally separated spawning segments were made in a p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Molecular ecology 2018-12, Vol.27 (23), p.4698-4710
Main Authors: Manhard, Christopher V., Adkison, Milo D., Hard, Jeffrey J., Smoker, William W., Gharrett, Anthony J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation
Animal populations
Bayesian analysis
biodiversity
Divergence
Gene flow
Genetic diversity
Harbors
Hybrids
Life history
local adaptation
marine survival
Mathematical models
Migration
migration time
Naval engineering
Oncorhynchus
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha
Outbreeding
outbreeding depression
Populations
quantitative genetics
Salmon
Segments
Spawning
Subpopulations
Survival
Sustainability
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Summary:Local adaptation has been demonstrated in spatially or temporally distant animal populations but seldom in proximate populations. To address the scale of local adaptation in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), two generations of hybrids between temporally separated spawning segments were made in a population of pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) and compared with controls to evaluate the genetic architecture underlying adult migration time and to test for declines in marine survival that resulted from outbreeding depression. Bayesian mixed‐effects models revealed that adult migration times in hybrid lines were intermediate to those of controls and that additive sources of genetic variation were significant, thereby indicating that local adaptation has acted on additive genetic variation in shaping this trait. Similarly, a line cross analysis revealed that an additive model best described the genetic architecture of adult migration time. In contrast, marine survival was generally similar between control and hybrid lines, which suggested that the effect of outbreeding upon marine survival was minimal at such a fine scale of genetic divergence. The implications of these results are that (a) local adaptation can facilitate genetic divergence of life history traits between proximate subpopulations; (b) artificial relaxation of natural barriers to gene flow can cause maladaptive shifts in life history traits; and (c) wild populations may harbour fine‐scale adaptive variation that supports productivity and sustainability.
ISSN:0962-1083
1365-294X
DOI:10.1111/mec.14908