Identification, characterization and expression analysis of Anopheles stephensi double peroxidase

• Published in: Acta tropica 2019-02, Vol.190, p.210-219
• Main Authors: Choudhury, Tania Pal, Gupta, Lalita, Kumar, Sanjeev
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anopheles stephensi; Double peroxidase; Heme peroxidase; Innate immunity; Vectorial capacity
• ISSN: 0001-706X; 1873-6254
• DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.10.008

The AsDBLOX gene is a Anopheles stephensi double heme peroxidase that is induced in pupal stage of mosquito development. [Display omitted] •Characterization of unique Anopheles stephensi double heme peroxidase (DBLOX) gene.•A lineage-specific gene present in globally distributed anophelines.•Multiple integrin binding motifs show that AsDBLOX is peroxinectin in nature.•Highly induced in pupal stage of development.•A proposed unique target for malaria vector control approaches. Peroxidases catalyze the reduction of peroxides and that, in turn, oxidize various substrates. They have been widely reported to play an important role in mosquito innate immunity against various pathogens. Here, we have characterized double heme peroxidase (AsDBLOX) gene from the Indian malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. It is a true ortholog of An. gambiae DBLOX. This 4209 bp AsDBLOX gene encodes for a protein of 1402 amino acids that has two duplicated peroxidase domains, domain I (from amino acid 61 to 527) and domain II (from amino acid 714 to 1252). The first domain has only substrate binding sites and lacks all other motifs of a functional heme peroxidase (e.g. heme binding site, calcium binding site and homodimer interface). Instead, it has two integrin binding motifs-LDV (Leu–Asp–Val) and RGD (Arg–Gly–Asp). The second peroxidase domain, however, has all the features of a complete heme peroxidase along with an integrin binding motif LDI (Leu–Asp–Ile). Thus, AsDBLOX gene is a unique type of peroxinectin as these groups of proteins are characterized by integrin binding motifs along with a heme peroxidase domain. We also observed that the AsDBLOX gene is expressed in all the life cycle stages of mosquito and is highly induced in the pupal stage of development which indicates its possible role in development.