Prevalence and probabilistic health risk assessment of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in Iranian edible oils

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2018-12, Vol.25 (35), p.35562-35570
• Main Authors: Nabizadeh, Samaneh, Shariatifar, Nabi, Shokoohi, Esmail, Shoeibi, Shahram, Gavahian, Mohsen, Fakhri, Yadolah, Azari, Ali, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adults; Aflatoxins; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Cancer; Canola oil; Children; Computer simulation; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Edible oils; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Fluorescence; Frying; Health risk assessment; Health risks; High-performance liquid chromatography; Ingestion; Inspection; Liquid chromatography; Liver; Liver cancer; Monte Carlo simulation; Oils & fats; Olive oil; Research Article; Risk assessment; Sunflower oil; Vegetable oils; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3510-0

The prevalence of aflatoxins (AFs) B 1 , B 2 , G 1 , and G 2 in Iranian edible oils were assessed by immunoaffinity column cleanup and HPLC equipped with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD). Ninety-seven samples including sunflower, canola, refined olive, unrefined olive, frying, and blend oils were collected from eight provinces ( n  = 15 samples of refined olive oil, n  = 15 samples of unrefined olive oil, n  = 15 samples of sunflower oil, n  = 15 samples of canola oil, n  = 17 samples of frying oil, and n  = 20 samples of blend oil). Also, cancer risk of aflatoxins in the adults and children due to ingestion of edible oils was estimated via margin of exposure (MOE) estimation in the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) model. Considering the limit of detection (LOD) of the current study, two unrefined olive oil samples from Zanjan Province were contaminated with AFB 2 in the concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 ng/g while other samples were free from AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 , and AFG 2 . This study revealed that about 98% of the collected samples were free from AFs and the concentrations of AFs in the polluted samples were within the standard range suggested by European Commission regulation (20 μg/kg). However, health risk assessment indicated that both adult and children in the Zanjan Province are at considerable liver cancer risk (percentile 95% of MOE