The addiction Stroop task: examining the fast and slow effects of smoking and marijuana-related cues

Abstract Research has shown that attentional bias toward smoking-related stimuli is related to the maintenance of smoking behaviour and the chance of a relapse during a quit attempt. Effects of smoking attentional bias can occur both during smoking stimulus presentation (fast effect) and on stimuli...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford) 2009-07, Vol.23 (5), p.510-519
Main Authors: Cane, JE, Sharma, D, Albery, IP
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Addictions
Addictive behaviors
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Anxiety
Attention
Bias
Biological and medical sciences
Cannabis
Cues
Drug dependence
Drug legalization
Female
Humans
Male
Marijuana
Marijuana Abuse - psychology
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Neuropharmacology
Neuropsychological Tests
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Reaction Time - drug effects
Smoking
Smoking - psychology
Time Factors
Tobacco smoking
Tobacco, tobacco smoking
Toxicology
Young Adult
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Summary:Abstract Research has shown that attentional bias toward smoking-related stimuli is related to the maintenance of smoking behaviour and the chance of a relapse during a quit attempt. Effects of smoking attentional bias can occur both during smoking stimulus presentation (fast effect) and on stimuli that immediately follow smoking stimuli (slow effect). The current research builds on these findings by closely examining the temporal aspects of these fast and slow effects across groups of different smoking status. In Experiment 1 (n = 64), smokers, smokers attempting to quit (SATQ) and non-smokers completed an addiction Stroop task using smoking related, negative emotion and neutral stimuli. In Experiment 2 (n = 32), marijuana smokers and non-marijuana smokers completed an addiction Stroop task using marijuana and neutral stimuli. Results showed fast effects across all smoking groups (except non-smokers) and slow effects in SATQ and marijuana smokers. Furthermore, marijuana smokers showed slow effects over extended periods of time. Results also show a relationship between anxiety, nicotine dependence and attentional bias in SATQ. The implications of these findings are discussed.
ISSN:0269-8811
1461-7285
DOI:10.1177/0269881108091253