Multi-point enzyme immobilization, surface chemistry, and novel platforms: a paradigm shift in biocatalyst design

Engineering enzymes with improved catalytic properties in non-natural environments have been concerned with their diverse industrial and biotechnological applications. Immobilization represents a promising but straightforward route, and immobilized biocatalysts often display higher activities and st...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Critical reviews in biotechnology 2019-02, Vol.39 (2), p.202-219
Main Authors: Bilal, Muhammad, Asgher, Muhammad, Cheng, Hairong, Yan, Yunjun, Iqbal, Hafiz M. N.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biocatalysis
catalytic features
Ceramics - chemistry
Enzyme engineering
Enzyme Stability
Enzymes, Immobilized - chemistry
functional parameters
Graphite - chemistry
immobilization
nanobiocatalytic system
nanomaterials
nanoparticles
Nanostructures - chemistry
Polymers - chemistry
stabilization
surface characterization
Surface Properties
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Summary:Engineering enzymes with improved catalytic properties in non-natural environments have been concerned with their diverse industrial and biotechnological applications. Immobilization represents a promising but straightforward route, and immobilized biocatalysts often display higher activities and stabilities compared to free enzymes. Owing to their unique physicochemical characteristics, including the high-specific surface area, exceptional chemical, electrical, and mechanical properties, efficient enzyme loading, and multivalent functionalization, nano-based materials are postulated as suitable carriers for biomolecules or enzyme immobilization. Enzymes immobilized on nanomaterial-based supports are more robust, stable, and recoverable than their pristine counterparts, and are even used for continuous catalytic processes. Furthermore, the unique intrinsic properties of nanomaterials, particularly nanoparticles, also confer the immobilized enzymes to be used for their broader applications. Herein, an effort has been made to present novel potentialities of multi-point enzyme immobilization in the current biotechnological sector. Various nano-based platforms for enzyme/biomolecule immobilization are discussed in the second part of the review. In summary, recent developments in the use of nanomaterials as new carriers to construct robust nano-biocatalytic systems are reviewed, and future trends are pointed out in this article.
ISSN:0738-8551
1549-7801
DOI:10.1080/07388551.2018.1531822