The role of dietary factors in inflammatory bowel diseases: New perspectives

The current review aimed to elucidate the role of diet in every stage of inflammatory bowel diseases, from aspects of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Western diet, characterized by overconsumption of refined sugar and saturated fat and low consumption of dietary fiber, may partly be blamed...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of digestive diseases 2019-01, Vol.20 (1), p.11-17
Main Authors: Zhou, Yi Quan, Xu, Ren Ying, Wan, Yan Ping
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bowel disease
Clinical trials
Crohn's disease
Diet
Dietary fiber
Dietary supplements
enteral nutrition
Fatty acids
Food intake
gut microbiota
Immune response
inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Intestinal microflora
Intestine
Low fat diet
Microbiota
Minerals
Nutrient deficiency
Nutrients
nutrition
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Rehabilitation
Remission
Smoking
Sugar
Vitamin D
Vitamins
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Summary:The current review aimed to elucidate the role of diet in every stage of inflammatory bowel diseases, from aspects of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation. Western diet, characterized by overconsumption of refined sugar and saturated fat and low consumption of dietary fiber, may partly be blamed for its pathogenesis. Some immune‐modulated nutrients (fibers, monounsaturated fatty acids, n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D) exert their potential beneficial effects on gut microbiota and immune function, resulting in clinical remission and/or preventing relapse. However, data is limited to conclude optimal micronutrient levels and therapeutic implications. Further, diet itself is complex; therefore, it is reasonable to evaluate diet as a whole rather than a single type of food. Some specific dietary patterns are generated for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases with controversial results. Only exclusive enteral nutrition has been widely recommended for pediatric patients with non‐stricturing active Crohn's disease. Self‐monitoring, avoidance of certain types of foods, limited intake of alcohol and smoking, supplementation of minerals and vitamins if deficiency is confirmed, and adherence to the diet enriched in vegetables and fruits and low in animal food and un‐digested fiber during flares are the most common dietary recommendation. Further clinical trials with a high evidence rank are warranted.
ISSN:1751-2972
1751-2980
DOI:10.1111/1751-2980.12686