Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Isoniazid-Monoresistant Tuberculosis

• Published in: Clinical infectious diseases 2009-01, Vol.48 (2), p.179-185
• Main Authors: Cattamanchi, Adithya, Dantes, Raymund B., Metcalfe, John Z., Jarlsberg, Leah G., Grinsdale, Jennifer, Kawamura, L. Masae, Osmond, Dennis, Hopewell, Philip C., Nahid, Payam
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antibacterial agents; Antibiotics. Antiinfectious agents. Antiparasitic agents; Antitubercular Agents - pharmacology; Antitubercular Agents - therapeutic use; Articles and Commentaries; Bacterial diseases; Biological and medical sciences; Clinical outcomes; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Health outcomes; Human bacterial diseases; Humans; Infectious diseases; Isoniazid - pharmacology; Latent tuberculosis; Male; Medical sciences; Medical treatment; Medical treatment failures; Middle Aged; Mortality; Multidrug resistant tuberculosis; Multivariate analysis; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects; Mycobacterium tuberculosis - isolation & purification; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Predisposing factors; Pulmonary tuberculosis; Pyrazinamide - adverse effects; Pyrazinamide - therapeutic use; Risk factors; San Francisco; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis - drug therapy; Tuberculosis - microbiology; Tuberculosis - physiopathology; Tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterial infections; Tuberculosis control
• ISSN: 1058-4838; 1537-6591
• DOI: 10.1086/595689

Background.Risk factors and treatment outcomes under program conditions for isoniazid (INH) monoresistant tuberculosis have not been well described. Methods.Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed for all cases of culture-confirmed, INH-monoresistant tuberculosis (n=137) reported to the San Francisco Department of Public Health Tuberculosis Control Section from October 1992 through October 2005, and those cases were compared with a time-matched sample of drug-susceptible tuberculosis cases (n=274). Results.In multivariate analysis, only a history of treatment for latent tuberculosis (odds ratio [OR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 6.4; P=.003) or for active tuberculosis (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4 5.0; P=.002) were significantly associated with INH-monoresistant tuberculosis. Of the 119 patients who completed treatment, 49 (41%) completed a 6-month treatment regimen. Treatment was extended to 7 12 months for 53 (45%) of the patients and to >12 months for 17 (14%). Treatment was most commonly extended because pyrazinamide was not given for the recommended 6-month duration (35 patients [29%]). Despite variation in treatment regimens, the combined end point of treatment failure or relapse was uncommon among patients with INH-monoresistant tuberculosis and was not significantly different for patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis (1.7% vs. 2.2%; P=.73). Conclusions.A history of treatment for latent or active tuberculosis was associated with subsequent INH monoresistance. Treatment outcomes for patients with INH-monoresistant tuberculosis were excellent and were no different from those for patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis. However, new, short-course regimens are needed because a small proportion of patients completed the 6-month treatment regimen recommended by the American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America, primarily because of pyrazinamide intolerance.