Seed micromorphology and its taxonomic evidence in subfamily Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae)

• Published in: Microscopy research and technique 2019-03, Vol.82 (3), p.250-259
• Main Authors: Ullah, Fazal, Papini, Alessio, Shah, Syed Nasar, Zaman, Wajid, Sohail, Aamir, Iqbal, Majid
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alsinoideae; Caryophyllaceae; Caryophyllaceae - anatomy & histology; Caryophyllaceae - classification; Cell surface; Diagnostic systems; Elongated structure; Genera; hilum; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Morphology; Phylogeny; Principal Component Analysis; Principal components analysis; Scanning electron microscopy; seed morphology; seed surface; Seeds; Seeds - anatomy & histology; Seeds - ultrastructure; SEM; Species; Species classification; Taxonomy; Ultrastructure
• ISSN: 1059-910X; 1097-0029
• DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23167

Seed micromorphology of 13 species, belonging to four genera of subfamily Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae) were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in order to assess their diagnostic significance at generic level and provide additional evidence on species delimitation, as well as correct identification and phylogenetic position. Genera and species of subfamily Alsinoideae exhibit great variation in ultrastructure and a high diversity of novel micromorphological characters were observed. Variation in seed shape, color, hilum, anticlinal wall, epidermal cell, cell surface, margins, and quantitative characters as length and width were studied in detail, compared, illustrated, and their taxonomic significant were discussed. Seed shapes of the species were classified as reniform, round, angular, subcircular, subreniform, and elliptical pyriform, with sub‐central, central, basal, and nearly basal hilum. Wavy, irregular, tetragonal, and elongated epidermal cells structure has been observed as an exomorphological character. The present findings show that the micromorphology of subfamily Alsinoideae provides taxonomic information and is helpful to distinguish different species. The results also explained that SEM morphology of seeds provide important data about affinity among taxa and give potential characters in delimitation of members of subfamily Alsinoideae at generic and species level. A principal component analysis allowed to highlight the most outsiders among seed micromorphology with a possible explanation. Taxonomic keys were developed based on micromorphological characters to delimit the species and useful for their quick identification within subfamily Alsinoideae. Seed micro‐morphological characteristics of subfamily Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae) Taxonomic delimitation of the species in subfamily Alsinoideae through SEM The importance of microscopy techniques in the correct identification of species in subfamily Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae)