Current situation of biofuel production and its enhancement by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering of microbial cells

Geopolitical and economic factors have motivated the scientific community to utilize renewable energy resources. In addition to the modifications in major steps and processes of biofuel production, manipulation of microbial genome engineering tools is essential in order to find sustainable solution...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Microbiological research 2019-02, Vol.219, p.1-11
Main Authors: Javed, Muhammad Rizwan, Noman, Muhammad, Shahid, Muhammad, Ahmed, Temoor, Khurshid, Mohsin, Rashid, Muhammad Hamid, Ismail, Muhammad, Sadaf, Maria, Khan, Fahad
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteria - genetics
Bacteria - metabolism
Biofuels
Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats - genetics
CRISPR-Cas Systems - genetics
CRISPR/Cas9
Fermentation
Fungi - genetics
Fungi - metabolism
Gene Editing - methods
Genetic Engineering - methods
Genome engineering
Genome, Bacterial - genetics
Genome, Fungal - genetics
Microbial cells
Renewable Energy
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Summary:Geopolitical and economic factors have motivated the scientific community to utilize renewable energy resources. In addition to the modifications in major steps and processes of biofuel production, manipulation of microbial genome engineering tools is essential in order to find sustainable solution of continuous depletion of fossil-fuels. Recently, the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated nuclease 9), a prokaryotic molecular immunity system, has emerged as a novel technology for targeted genomic engineering. This genetic machinery seems to be a groundbreaking discovery to engineer the microbial genomes for desired traits such as enhancing the biofuel tolerance, inhibitor tolerance and thermotolerance as well as modifying the cellulases and hemicelluloses enzymes. In this review, a summary of different generations of biofuels, integrated processes of bioconversion of raw materials into biofuels and role of microbes in biofuel production has been presented. However, the ultimate focus of the review is on major discoveries of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in microorganisms and exploitation of these discoveries for enhanced biofuel production.
ISSN:0944-5013
1618-0623
DOI:10.1016/j.micres.2018.10.010